The Hamiltonian index of a graph and its branch-bonds

Let $G$ be an undirected and loopless finite graph that is not a path. The minimum $m$ such that the iterated line graph $L^m(G)$ is hamiltonian is called the hamiltonian index of $G,$ denoted by $h(G).$ A reduction method to determine the hamiltonian index of a graph $G$ with $h(G)\geq 2$ is given here. With it we will establish a sharp lower bound and a sharp upper bound for $h(G)$, respectively, which improves some known results of P.A. Catlin et al. [J. Graph Theory 14 (1990)] and H.-J. Lai [Discrete Mathematics 69 (1988)]. Examples show that $h(G)$ may reach all integers between the lower bound and the upper bound. \u

Macroscopical Entangled Coherent State Generator in V configuration atom system

In this paper, we propose a scheme to produce pure and macroscopical entangled coherent state. When a three-level ''V'' configuration atom interacts with a doubly reasonant cavity, under the strong classical driven condition, entangled coherent state can be generated from vacuum fields. An analytical solution for this system under the presence of cavity losses is also given

Coil combination using linear deconvolution in k-space for phase imaging

Background: The combination of multi-channel data is a critical step for the imaging of phase and susceptibility contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnitude-weighted phase combination methods often produce noise and aliasing artifacts in the magnitude images at accelerated imaging sceneries. To address this issue, an optimal coil combination method through deconvolution in k-space is proposed in this paper. Methods: The proposed method firstly employs the sum-of-squares and phase aligning method to yield a complex reference coil image which is then used to calculate the coil sensitivity and its Fourier transform. Then, the coil k-space combining weights is computed, taking into account the truncated frequency data of coil sensitivity and the acquired k-space data. Finally, combining the coil k-space data with the acquired weights generates the k-space data of proton distribution, with which both phase and magnitude information can be obtained straightforwardly. Both phantom and in vivo imaging experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Results: Compared with magnitude-weighted method and MCPC-C, the proposed method can alleviate the phase cancellation in coil combination, resulting in a less wrapped phase. Conclusions: The proposed method provides an effective and efficient approach to combine multiple coil image in parallel MRI reconstruction, and has potential to benefit routine clinical practice in the future

The Microsoft 2017 Conversational Speech Recognition System

We describe the 2017 version of Microsoft's conversational speech recognition system, in which we update our 2016 system with recent developments in neural-network-based acoustic and language modeling to further advance the state of the art on the Switchboard speech recognition task. The system adds a CNN-BLSTM acoustic model to the set of model architectures we combined previously, and includes character-based and dialog session aware LSTM language models in rescoring. For system combination we adopt a two-stage approach, whereby subsets of acoustic models are first combined at the senone/frame level, followed by a word-level voting via confusion networks. We also added a confusion network rescoring step after system combination. The resulting system yields a 5.1\% word error rate on the 2000 Switchboard evaluation set

Characterization of wave physics using the rigorous Helmholtz decomposition based on the surface integral equation

Helmholtz decomposition (HD) is a fundamental tool of vector calculus and plays an important role in electromagnetics. In this work, arbitrary vector field defined on the open or closed surface is decomposed into the sum of an irrotational (curl-free) vector field and a solenoidal (divergence-free) vector field by using the surface integral equation method. Unlike the popular loop-tree decomposition that is only a quasi-HD suitable for the circuit physics in the low frequency regime, the HD developed in this paper is rigorous and can capture both circuit and wave physics from very low frequency to high frequency regimes. The work could provide insightful physical interpretations for complex electromagnetic phenomena. © 2012 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

KDM2B/FBXL10 targets c-Fos for ubiquitylation and degradation in response to mitogenic stimulation.

KDM2B (also known as FBXL10) controls stem cell self-renewal, somatic cell reprogramming and senescence, and tumorigenesis. KDM2B contains multiple functional domains, including a JmjC domain that catalyzes H3K36 demethylation and a CxxC zinc-finger that recognizes CpG islands and recruits the polycomb repressive complex 1. Here, we report that KDM2B, via its F-box domain, functions as a subunit of the CUL1-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL1/SCF(KDM2B)) complex. KDM2B targets c-Fos for polyubiquitylation and regulates c-Fos protein levels. Unlike the phosphorylation of other SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box)/CRL1 substrates that promotes substrates binding to F-box, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced c-Fos S374 phosphorylation dissociates c-Fos from KDM2B and stabilizes c-Fos protein. Non-phosphorylatable and phosphomimetic mutations at S374 result in c-Fos protein which cannot be induced by EGF or accumulates constitutively and lead to decreased or increased cell proliferation, respectively. Multiple tumor-derived KDM2B mutations impaired the function of KDM2B to target c-Fos degradation and to suppress cell proliferation. These results reveal a novel function of KDM2B in the negative regulation of cell proliferation by assembling an E3 ligase to targeting c-Fos protein degradation that is antagonized by mitogenic stimulations

A new efficient method for analysis of finite periodic structures

The electromagnetic modeling of practical finite periodic structures is a topic of growing interest. Due to the truncation of the infinite periodic structures, surface waves will be excited and localized near the discontinuous interfaces leading to the edge effect of finite structures. In this work, surface waves are numerically disentangled from the propagating Bloch waves contributions. Based on the universally exponential decay feature of the surface waves, a novel method is developed by connecting the solution to the large finite periodic structure with that to a relatively small one resulting in low complexity and memory consumption. The method numerically reconstructs propagating Bloch waves and surface waves according to the Bloch-Floquet theorem of periodic structures and translation invariant properties of semi-infinite periodic structures, respectively. Numerical examples are privided to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the newly developed method.postprin

Segregação de recursos por diferentes espécies de morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama

Em ecologia, uma das ideias mais importantes é o princípio da exclusão competitiva, ou Lei de Gause, que afirma que duas espécies competindo pelos mesmos recursos não podem coexistir de modo estável se todos os outros fatores ecológicos forem constantes. Um dos competidores vai sobrepor-se ao outro, levando a um deslocamento evolutivo, morfológico ou comportamental, a um nicho ecológico diferente, ou mesmo à extinção. O horário de atividade diferenciado pode ser um importante fator para evitar competição por espécies proximamente relacionas, sendo assim motivo de interesse nos estudos de exclusão competitiva. O ciclo lunar é importante fator modulador de mamíferos noturnos, podendo também exercer influência na partilha de recursos, onde espécies relacionadas podem responder de diferentes maneiras à iluminação lunar. Analisar as diferenças no horário de atividade de espécies próximas de morcegos trará respostas sobre como uma comunidade partilha a disponibilidade de alimento sobre o critério de tempo. O objetivo foi testar a hipótese de que espécies próximas de morcegos usam o horário de atividade como fator de segregação de recursos. O estudo se deu na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, importante fragmento de Mata Atlântica ombrófila densa localizada numa região plana no norte do estado do Espírito Santo. A hipótese foi descartada para os grupos de morcegos frugívoros, em análises intra e intergenéricas. Porém, para grupos de insetívoros e nectarívoros, a hipótese de segregação de recursos pelo variável tempo foi sustentada por todos os testes e análises, levando a crer que seja um fator importante nesses grupos