Study on Development and Application of Microwave Technology

Microwave technology in just a few decades has penetrated into all walks of life, to social development and people's life had a profound impact. On the basis of the development of the microwave, the details of the mechanism of microwave heating and microwave sterilization of both technologies, and microwave heating conditions and characteristics of clarification, in addition, also includes microwave technology is widely used in various fields, while microwave technology for the existing problems are analyzed, and the prospects for the development of microwave technology is also discussed

Descope of the ALIA mission

The present work reports on a feasibility study commissioned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences of China to explore various possible mission options to detect gravitational waves in space alternative to that of the eLISA/LISA mission concept. Based on the relative merits assigned to science and technological viability, a few representative mission options descoped from the ALIA mission are considered. A semi-analytic Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to understand the cosmic black hole merger histories starting from intermediate mass black holes at high redshift as well as the possible scientific merits of the mission options considered in probing the light seed black holes and their coevolution with galaxies in early Universe. The study indicates that, by choosing the armlength of the interferometer to be three million kilometers and shifting the sensitivity floor to around one-hundredth Hz, together with a very moderate improvement on the position noise budget, there are certain mission options capable of exploring light seed, intermediate mass black hole binaries at high redshift that are not readily accessible to eLISA/LISA, and yet the technological requirements seem to within reach in the next few decades for China

Observation of γγ → ττ in proton-proton collisions and limits on the anomalous electromagnetic moments of the τ lepton

The production of a pair of τ leptons via photon–photon fusion, γγ → ττ, is observed for the f irst time in proton–proton collisions, with a significance of 5.3 standard deviations. This observation is based on a data set recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Events with a pair of τ leptons produced via photon–photon fusion are selected by requiring them to be back-to-back in the azimuthal direction and to have a minimum number of charged hadrons associated with their production vertex. The τ leptons are reconstructed in their leptonic and hadronic decay modes. The measured fiducial cross section of γγ → ττ is σfid obs = 12.4+3.8 −3.1 fb. Constraints are set on the contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment (aτ) and electric dipole moments (dτ) of the τ lepton originating from potential effects of new physics on the γττ vertex: aτ = 0.0009+0.0032 −0.0031 and |dτ| < 2.9×10−17ecm (95% confidence level), consistent with the standard model

Study on Development and Application of Microwave Technology

&lt;p&gt;Microwave technology in just a few decades has penetrated into all walks of life, to social development and people's life had a profound impact. On the basis of the development of the microwave, the details of the mechanism of microwave heating and microwave sterilization of both technologies, and microwave heating conditions and characteristics of clarification, in addition, also includes microwave technology is widely used in various fields, while microwave technology for the existing problems are analyzed, and the prospects for the development of microwave technology is also discussed.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Spent Mushroom Substrate Biochar in the Presence of Mineral Iron

The preparation of biochar typically involves the pyrolysis of waste organic biomass. Iron-rich magnetic biochar not only inherits the characteristics of high specific surface area and porous structure from biochar but also possesses significant advantages in easy separation and recovery, which has shown great application potential in various fields such as soil improvement and water resource remediation. This study aims to explore the influence of mineral iron on the carbon sequestration capability of biochar during the pyrolysis process. Experiments were conducted by using spent mushroom substrates as raw materials to prepare biochar at different temperature intervals (300 to 600 &deg;C). The addition of exogenous iron has been found to significantly enhance the carbon retention rate (12.2&ndash;44.5%) of biochar across various pyrolysis temperatures and, notably, improves the carbon stability of biochar at 300 &deg;C, 400 &deg;C, and 600 &deg;C. Through the analysis of thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we discovered that iron catalyzes the thermochemical reactions and inhibits the release of organic small molecules (C2-C5) through both physical blocking (FexOx) and chemical bonding (C=O and O-C=O). The results of Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy analyses indicate that the addition of iron significantly promotes the graphitization process of carbon and enhances the thermal stability of biochar within the temperature range of 300 to 500 &deg;C. When exploring the retention and stability of carbon during pyrolysis, it was found that under the conditions of 600 &deg;C and the presence of iron, the maximum carbon sequestration rate of biochar can reach 60.6%. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of iron and pyrolysis temperature in enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of biochar

Optimization of Magnetic Biochar Preparation Process, Based on Methylene Blue Adsorption

The search for low-cost and effective adsorbents for the removal of organic dyes from contaminated water is urgently needed. The substantial amount of waste mushroom cultivation substrates generated in practical production can serve as an ideal material for the preparation of adsorbents. In this study, we investigated the main control parameters affecting the performance of magnetic mushroom substrate biochar and optimized the process of preparing biochar by using the Plackett–Burman and central composite design methods. Various analytical techniques including SEM, EDX, BET, and VSM were used to characterize the biochar. The results indicate that the carbonization temperature had the most significant impact on the yield and adsorption performance of biochar. Under the conditions of a carbonization temperature of 600 °C, a carbonization retention time of 1 h, and an impregnation ratio of 0.1, the yield and methylene blue adsorption value of magnetic biochar were 42.54% and 2297.04 μg/g, respectively, with a specific surface area of 37.17 m2/g. This biochar effectively removed methylene blue from the solution, demonstrating a high economic efficiency for wastewater treatment and pollution control. Furthermore, the adsorption–desorption cycle studies revealed its excellent stability and reusability. Additionally, based on the response surface methodology, a three-dimensional surface model of the adsorption performance of magnetic biochar under different carbonization conditions was established, providing a theoretical basis for the preparation of magnetic biochar from agricultural wastes

The Influence of Nano-CaCO3 on the Mechanical and Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Core–Shell Structured Wood Plastic Composites

Using bamboo residue and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the main raw materials, core–shell structured wood plastic composites (WPCs) with nano-CaCO3 filling shell were prepared by coextruded technology. The effect of nano-CaCO3 contents on the flexural properties, impact strength and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of the core–shell structured WPCs were investigated. And the value of core–shell interface interaction parameter was calculated by dynamic thermodynamic parameters. The results showed that the flexural strength increased by 48.1% and 40.3% when it was loaded with 10%–15% nano-CaCO3, compared to the HDPE shell composites, respectively. While nano-CaCO3-filled HDPE shell had lower impact strength in comparison with HDPE shell, the field emission scanning electron microscope revealed proper interfacial adhesion between the core and shell layers. The storage modulus of core–shell structured WPCs increased as nano-CaCO3 contents increased, but the values were lower than that of the HDPE shell. Addition of nano-CaCO3 caused an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the core–shell structured WPCs, loss factor (tanδ) of the core–shell structured WPCs decreased. The value of the core–shell interface interaction parameter of the core–shell structured WPCs increased significantly after the nano-CaCO3 loading reached 15%, which was consistent with the bending test results. These findings demonstrate that the core–shell structured WPCs have excellent properties filling with nano-CaCO3 in the shell layer, and bamboo residue is added to the core layer.</jats:p

The Influence of Nano-CaCO3 on the Mechanical and Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Core&ndash;Shell Structured Wood Plastic Composites

Using bamboo residue and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the main raw materials, core&ndash;shell structured wood plastic composites (WPCs) with nano-CaCO3 filling shell were prepared by coextruded technology. The effect of nano-CaCO3 contents on the flexural properties, impact strength and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of the core&ndash;shell structured WPCs were investigated. And the value of core&ndash;shell interface interaction parameter was calculated by dynamic thermodynamic parameters. The results showed that the flexural strength increased by 48.1% and 40.3% when it was loaded with 10%&ndash;15% nano-CaCO3, compared to the HDPE shell composites, respectively. While nano-CaCO3-filled HDPE shell had lower impact strength in comparison with HDPE shell, the field emission scanning electron microscope revealed proper interfacial adhesion between the core and shell layers. The storage modulus of core&ndash;shell structured WPCs increased as nano-CaCO3 contents increased, but the values were lower than that of the HDPE shell. Addition of nano-CaCO3 caused an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the core&ndash;shell structured WPCs, loss factor (tan&delta;) of the core&ndash;shell structured WPCs decreased. The value of the core&ndash;shell interface interaction parameter of the core&ndash;shell structured WPCs increased significantly after the nano-CaCO3 loading reached 15%, which was consistent with the bending test results. These findings demonstrate that the core&ndash;shell structured WPCs have excellent properties filling with nano-CaCO3 in the shell layer, and bamboo residue is added to the core layer