2-Hy­droxy-3-oct­yloxy-N,N,N-trimethyl­propan-1-aminium bromide

In the title compound, C14H32NO2 +·Br−, organic cationsstacked parallel to the a axis andbromide anions placed between the head groups of the cations form ionic pairs via weak inter­molecular O—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds. The octyl chain in the cation adopts an all-trans conformation. The O—CH2—CH(—OH)—CH2 portion of the molecule is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy factors of 0.57 (3) and 0.47 (3)

3,3′-Dimethyl-1,1′-methyl­ene­diimidazolium dibromide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C9H14N4 2+·2Br−, the cation and anions have crystallographic mirror symmetry, with the mirror plane running through the central CH2 group for the cation. The latter are stacked along the a axis, forming channels hosting the bromide anions. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯Br hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, generating a two-dimensional network

3-Dodec­yloxy-2-hydr­oxy-N,N,N-trimethyl­propan-1-aminium bromide

In the title compound, C18H40NO2 +·Br−, the ion pairs formed by the hydrogen-bonded bromide anions and organic cations are arranged into thick layers with the alkyl groups directed to the inside and the trimethyl­aminium groups and the bromide anions situated on the layer surface. The long alkyl chain in the cation adopts an all-trans conformation. In the crystal structure, molecules are connected by intermolecular O—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming ionic pairs that are further connected into an extended chain structure via C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The crystal is chiral but nearly 90% of atoms in the unit cell are related by a pseudo-inversion center. The crystal shows racemic twinning with a 0.33:0.67 domain ratio

2-Hy­droxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-3-tetra­decyl­oxypropan-1-aminium bromide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C20H44NO2 +·Br−, the cation and anion are connected via an O—H⋯Br hydrogen bond, forming an ionic pair. The cation is disordered over two conformations related by a mirror plane, and the anion is situated on a mirror plane so that the asymmetric unit contains half of the ionic pair. The long alkyl chain in the cation adopts an all-trans conformation. The crystal packing exhibits weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

1-Hexadecyl-3-methyl­imidazolium bromide monohydrate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C20H39N2 +·Br−·H2O, the 1-hexa­decyl-3-methyl­imidazolium cations are stacked along the b axis, forming channels parallel to [100] which are occupied by the bromide anions and water mol­ecules. The crystal is stabilized by O—H⋯Br, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, generating a two-dimensional network

Poly[[μ2-1,3-bis­(imidazol-1-ylmeth­yl)benzene][μ2-2,2′-dihy­droxy-1,1′-methyl­enebis(naphthalene-3-carboxyl­ato)]zinc]

In the title compound, [Zn(C23H14O6)(C14H14N4)]n, the ZnII ion is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The 1,3-bis­(imidazol-1-ylmeth­yl)benzene and 2,2′-dihy­droxy-1,1′-methyl­enebis(naphthalene-3-carboxy­l­ate) ligands con­nect the ZnII ions alternately in different directions, forming a layered structure parallel to the ac plane. Topological analysis reveals that the whole structure is a (4,4) network. The layers are further assembled into a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure via C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Physico chemical studies on complexation between β-cyclodextrin and cationic surfactants

748-751Inclusion complexation of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with a homologue of new cationic surfactants, 3-alkoxyl-2- hydroxyl propyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides (RmTAC) in aqueous solution have been studied using surface tension measurements at different temperatures. The binding constants of 1:1 complexes have been calculated and important thermodynamic parameters of the inclusion processes are estimated using fundamental thermodynamic equations. Standard change of Gibbs free energy ΔcGmo of every complex process is negative, which indicates that the host-guest inclusion is a spontaneous process. All the values of standard changes of enthalpy and entropy ΔcHmo and ΔcSmo are positive, which shows that the inclusion process is enthalpy-entropy compensational one. However, the entropy effect, TΔcSmo is quite evidently larger than the heat effect ΔcHmo which indicates that the inclusion coordination between β-CD and RmTAC is also entropy driven process, as well as an endoergic driven process

Mesenchymal stem cells for treating autoimmune dacryoadenitis

Abstract Autoimmune dacryoadenitis, such as Sjögren syndrome, comprises multifactorial and complex diseases. Inflammation of the lacrimal gland plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Unfortunately, current treatment strategies, including artificial tears, anti-inflammatory drugs, punctual occlusion, and immunosuppressive drugs, are only palliative, and long-term administration of these strategies is associated with adverse effects that limit their utility. Hence, an effective and safe treatment for autoimmune dacryoadenitis is urgently needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for treating autoimmune dacryoadenitis, owing to their immunosuppressive properties, tissue repair functions, and powerful differentiation capabilities. A large number of studies have focused on the effect of MSCs on autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and collagen-induced arthritis, but few studies have, to date, unequivocally established the efficacy of MSCs for treating autoimmune dacryoadenitis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MSC treatment for autoimmune dacryoadenitis

Curcumin-Encapsulated Hexagonal Liquid Crystalline Formed by Brij 97/NaDC Mixtures

<div><p>The phase diagram of a five-components Brij 97-NaDC/IPM-PEG 400/H₂O system was determined at 25°C. The hexagonal liquid crystalline phase (H₁) was found in this system. By use of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), polarization microscopy, and rheology techniques, the influence of composition, temperature, and addition of curcumin on H₁ phase was studied. It is shown that: 1) the investigated hexagonal liquid crystals exhibit a strong shear thinning behavior and viscoelasticity and the strength of the network of H₁ phase becomes weaker with increasing oil content; 2) the frequency-dependent moduli of H₁ samples decreases as the temperature increases and the steady-state limiting viscosity of the hexagonal samples shows an Arrhenius-like dependence on temperature; and 3) samples in H₁ phase containing curcumin retained their organized hexagonal structure. The SAXS results show that the curcumin molecules may be solubilized both into the apolar core of cylinders together with IPM and in the polar domain coexisting with PEG 400 between the cylinders. When curcumin is encapsulated in samples with low oil content, there is a significant decrease in the frequency-dependent moduli. The tendency of frequency behavior for samples incorporating curcumin as a function of temperature is weakened.</p> </div