Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Perjudian yang Dilakukan oleh Anak Menurut UU No.11 Tahun 2012

The title of this legal writing is "The Completion of the Crime of Gambling Carried Out by minors based on the law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Justice system". This type of research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is a research conducted or focusing on norm of positive law in the form of legislation. Legal issues raised is whether the completion of the crime of gambling by children is in conformity with the law Number 11 of 2012 about the juvenile justice system. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the completion of the crime of gambling by children under the law of the juvenile justice system. The result showed that the efforts made to prevent criminal acts of a child is an attempt preventive and repressive efforts. Juvenile justice system is closely related to restorative justice. Regarding the obligation to make a diversion conducted by law enforcement officials, in particular under Article 7 and 96 of the law number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Justice System

Effect of microporous membrane properties and operating conditions on particle retention: Measurements and model studies

<p>Depth filtration with microporous membranes has been modelled by extending upon previous approaches of Polyakov^[1–4] to incorporate pore size distribution, tortuosity, and cake buildup. The model-forecasts were benchmarked against filtration measurements performed with colloidal particles using three very different commercial membrane morphologies with the same nominal average pore size. The critical flux for each membrane was determined by a standard flux-stepping method. Particle retention and permeance were studied under constant flux or transmembrane pressure test conditions. Comparison of the forecast results with data shows reasonable qualitative agreement, but the results are very sensitive to the measurement uncertainties of the various properties.</p

Identification and Optimization of New Dual Inhibitors of B‑Raf and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinases for Overcoming Resistance against Vemurafenib

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification has been demonstrated to be critical for the inherent and/or acquired resistance against current B-Raf^V600E inhibitor therapy for melanoma and colorectal cancer patients. We describe the discovery and structure–activity relationship study of a series of 1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo­[3,4-<i>b</i>]­pyridine-5-carboxamide analogues as novel dual inhibitors of EGFR and B-Raf^V600E mutant. One of the most promising compounds, <b>6a</b>, potently inhibited both of the kinases with IC₅₀ values of 8.0 and 51 nM, respectively. The compound also strongly suppressed the proliferation of a panel of intrinsic and acquired resistant melanoma and/or colorectal cancer cells harboring overexpressed EGFR with submicromolar IC₅₀ values. Further mechanism investigation revealed that <b>6a</b> could sustainably inhibit the activation of the MAPK path way in the resistant SK-MEL-28 PR30 melanoma cancer cells and WiDr colorectal cancer cells with EGFR amplification. Our results support the hypothesis that the EGFR/B-Raf^V600E dual inhibition might be a tractable strategy to overcome the intrinsic and acquired resistance of melanoma and/or colorectal cancers against the current B-Raf^V600E inhibitor therapy

MOESM2 of Construction of energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways for improving poly-Îł-glutamic acid production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Additional file 2: Table S2. Genes sequences used in this article

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2‑Oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5‑<i>d</i>]pyrimidinyl Derivatives as New Irreversible Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties

Structural optimization of a series of 2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido­[4,5-<i>d</i>]­pyrimidinyl compounds, potential new irreversible EGFR inhibitors, was performed to improve pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. This led to compound <b>2v</b> with improved aqueous solubility and good pharmacokinetic properties which at the nanomolar level potently inhibits gefitinib-resistant EGFR^L858R/T790M kinase and displays strong antiproliferative activity against H1975 nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. The new inhibitor also shows promising antitumor efficacy in a murine EGFR^L858R/T790M-driven H1975 xenograft model without effect on body weight. These studies provide new lead compounds for further development of drugs for treatment of gefitinib-resistant nonsmall cell lung cancer patients

Discovery and Optimization of 3‑(2-(Pyrazolo[1,5‑<i>a</i>]pyrimidin-6-yl)ethynyl)benzamides as Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) Inhibitors

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is an emerging potential molecular target for new anticancer drug discovery. We have discovered a series of 3-(2-(pyrazolo­[1,5-<i>a</i>]­pyrimidin-6-yl) ethynyl)­benzamides that are selective and orally bioavailable DDR1 inhibitors. The two most promising compounds (<b>7rh</b> and <b>7rj</b>) inhibited the enzymatic activity of DDR1, with IC₅₀ values of 6.8 and 7.0 nM, respectively, but were significantly less potent in suppressing the kinase activities of DDR2, Bcr-Abl, and c-Kit. Further study revealed that <b>7rh</b> bound with DDR1 with a <i>K</i>_d value of 0.6 nM, while it was significantly less potent to the other 455 kinases tested. The S(35) and S(10) selectivity scores of <b>7rh</b> were 0.035 and 0.008, respectively. The compounds also potently inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells expressing high levels of DDR1 and strongly suppressed cancer cell invasion, adhesion, and tumorigenicity. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies suggested that they possessed good PK profiles, with oral bioavailabilities of 67.4% and 56.2%, respectively

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazolo[1,5‑<i>a</i>]pyridine-3-carboxamides as Novel Antitubercular Agents

A series of pyrazolo­[1,5-<i>a</i>]­pyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as new anti-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) agents. The compounds exhibit promising <i>in vitro</i> potency with nanomolar MIC values against the drug susceptive H37Rv strain and a panel of clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Mtb (MDR-TB) strains. One of the representative compounds (<b>5k</b>) significantly reduces the bacterial burden in an autoluminescent H37Ra infected mouse model, suggesting its promising potential to be a lead compound for future antitubercular drug discovery

MOESM1 of Enhancing poly-Îł-glutamic acid production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by introducing the glutamate synthesis features from Corynebacterium glutamicum

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this work

MOESM1 of Enhancing poly-Îł-glutamic acid production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by introducing the glutamate synthesis features from Corynebacterium glutamicum

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this work

The distribution and new functions of PKs.

(A) The distribution of PKs across the tree of life, as referenced in Jillian F. Banfield’s study [38]. The blue color in pie chart represents species with PKs present in all genome sequenced species. (B) The catalytic activity of PKs from different species on different substrates. The displayed 7 PKs not only exhibited activity on F6P or Xu5P, but also demonstrated the ability to convert short-chain ketoses into AcP. The corresponding table on the right represents the catalytic activity of these 7 candidate PKs on 6 classes of ketose or ketose phosphate. Each color represents to a specific enzyme activity (U/mg). Detailed catalytic activity data are shown in S1 Table. The raw data was listed in S1 Data. AcP, acetyl-phosphate; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; PK, phosphoketolase; Xu5P, xylulose-5-phosphate.</p