Research on the Symbolic 3D Route Scene Expression Method Based on the Importance of Objects

In the study of 3D route scene construction, the expression of key targets needs to be highlighted. This is because compared with the 3D model, the abstract 3D symbols can reflect the number and spatial distribution characteristics of entities more intuitively. Therefore, this research proposes a symbolic 3D route scene representation method based on the importance of the object. The method takes the object importance evaluation model as the theoretical basis, calculates the spatial importance of the same type of objects according to the spatial characteristics of the geographical objects in the 3D route scene, and constructs the object importance evaluation model by combining semantic factors. The 3D symbols are then designed in a hierarchical manner on the basis of the results of the object importance evaluation and the CityGML standard. Finally, the LOD0-LOD4 symbolic 3D railway scene was constructed on the basis of a railroad data to realise the multi-scale expression of symbolic 3D route scene. Compared with the conventional loading method, the real-time frame rate of the scene was improved by 20 fps and was more stable. The scene loading speed was also improved by 5–10 s. The results show that the method can effectively improve the efficiency of the 3D route scene construction and the prominent expression effect of the key objects in the 3D route scene

Analysis of a Novel Resistive Film Absorber for Suppression of Electromagnetic Radiation in System-in-Packages

This paper presents a new method to suppress the electromagnetic radiation between the heatsink and packaging substrate in the system-in-package by using a resistance film absorber. The proposed absorber is designed with the indium tin oxide sputtered on both sides of the glass substrate, and the top layer adopts the combination of Jerusalem cross-shaped, ring-shaped, and L-shaped resistive film to expand the bandwidth. The unit size of the absorber is 0.14λL×0.14λL and the thickness is 0.049 λL. It has an absorptivity of more than 90% in the frequency range of 21 GHz to 55 GHz with polarization insensitivity, and angular stability. Moreover, the radiated electric field from the chip package at 3 m is significantly reduced when employing the proposed absorber, and the maximum suppression of the electric field reaches 18 dB. Finally, the measurement results are carried out to verify the simulation results. Both simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed absorber has excellent radiation suppression, which can be properly applied to electromagnetic interference suppression of the printed circuit board

Tailoring Catalytic and Oxygen Release Capability in LaFe_1–<i>x</i>Ni_<i>x</i>O₃ to Intensify Chemical Looping Reactions at Medium Temperatures

Perovskite oxygen carriers in a methane chemical looping partial oxidation process enable high reactivity over 850 °C. Lowering the reaction temperature helps to circumvent energy dissipation and couple the above-mentioned process with energy-efficient systems. This paper demonstrates the attractive oxygen-donating capacity of Fe–Ni-based perovskite oxygen carriers for methane partial oxidation. The aforesaid process exhibits more than 70% methane conversion and 6.71 mmol·g–1 unit syngas yield at 700 °C, using LaFe0.5Ni0.5O3. This impressive high reactivity mainly originates from the lowered lattice oxygen bonding strength and the spontaneously constructed active Ni-rich surface of perovskite oxides by Ni doping. In addition to the outward migration of lattice oxygen, active metal elements, such as Ni, continuously segregate to the surface with the reduction of perovskite oxides, promoting methane partial oxidation. We speculate that the chemical looping reaction pathway consists of consecutive competitive reactions based on analysis of the real-time product distribution and the dynamic evolution of oxygen carriers. Highly selective syngas production can be achieved on LaFe0.5Ni0.5O3 by reducing reaction temperatures or increasing space velocity to balance methane dissociation and lattice oxygen release kinetics. Irreversible Ni segregation and phase-separation-induced inert La2O3 on the surface of perovskite oxides during redox cycles are responsible for the cyclic performance degradation of oxygen carriers. This work offers intriguing references to design perovskite oxygen carriers for intensifying the medium-temperature chemical looping partial oxidation process

Efficacy and safety of sympathetic mapping and ablation of renal nerves for the treatment of hypertension (SMART): 6-month follow-up of a randomised, controlled trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Previous trials of renal denervation (RDN) have been designed to investigate reduction of blood pressure (BP) as the primary efficacy endpoint using non-selective RDN without intraoperatively verified RDN success. It is an unmet clinical need to map renal nerves, selectively denervate renal sympathetic nerves, provide readouts for the interventionalists and avoid futile RDN. We aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of renal nerve mapping/selective renal denervation (msRDN) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) and determine whether antihypertensive drug burden is reduced while office systolic BP (OSBP) is controlled to target level (＜140 mmHg). Methods: We conducted a randomized, prospective, multicenter, single-blinded, sham-controlled trial. The study combined two efficacy endpoints at 6 months as primary outcomes: The control rate of patients with OSBP ＜140 mmHg (non-inferior outcome) and change in the composite index of antihypertensive drugs (Drug Index) in the treatment versus Sham group (superior outcome). This design avoids confounding from excess drug-taking in the Sham group. Antihypertensive drug burden was assessed by a composite index constructed as: Class N (number of classes of antihypertensive drugs) × (sum of doses). 15 hospitals in China participated in the study and 220 patients were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio (msRDN vs Sham). The key inclusion criteria included: age (18–65 years old), history of essential HTN (at least 6 months), heart rate (≥70 bpm), OSBP (≥150 mmHg and ≤180 mmHg), ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM, 24-h SBP ≥130 mmHg or daytime SBP ≥135 mmHg or nighttime SBP ≥120 mmHg), renal artery stenosis (＜50%) and renal function (eGFR ＞45 mL/min/1.73 m2). The catheter with both stimulation and ablation functions was inserted in the distal renal main artery. The RDN site (hot spot) was selected if SBP increased (≥5 mmHg) by intra-renal artery (RA) electrical stimulation; an adequate RDN was confirmed by repeated electronic stimulation if no increase in BP otherwise, a 2nd ablation was performed at the same site. At sites where there was decreased SBP (≥5 mmHg, cold spot) or no BP response (neutral spot) to stimulation, no ablation was performed. The mapping, ablation and confirmation procedure was repeated until the entire renal main artery had been tested then either treated or avoided. After msRDN, patients had to follow a predefined, vigorous drug titration regimen in order to achieve target OSBP (＜140 mmHg). Drug adherence was monitored by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis using urine. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02761811) and 5-year follow-up is ongoing. Findings: Between July 8, 2016 and February 23, 2022, 611 patients were consented, 220 patients were enrolled in the study who received standardized antihypertensive drug treatments (at least two drugs) for at least 28 days, presented OSBP ≥150 mmHg and ≤180 mmHg and met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. In left RA and right RA, mapped sites were 8.2 (3.0) and 8.0 (2.7), hot/ablated sites were 3.7 (1.4) and 4.0 (1.6), cold spots were 2.4 (2.6) and 2.0 (2.2), neutral spots were 2.0 (2.1) and 2.0 (2.1), respectively. Hot, cold and neutral spots was 48.0%, 27.5% and 24.4% of total mapped sites, respectively. At 6 M, the Control Rate of OSBP was comparable between msRDN and Sham group (95.4% vs 92.8%, p = 0.429), achieved non-inferiority margin −10% (2.69%; 95% CI −4.11%, 9.83%, p ＜ 0.001 for non-inferiority); the change in Drug Index was significantly lower in msRDN group compared to Sham group (4.37 (6.65) vs 7.61 (10.31), p = 0.010) and superior to Sham group (−3.25; 95% CI −5.56, −0.94, p = 0.003), indicating msRDN patients need significantly fewer drugs to control OSBP ＜140 mmHg. 24-hour ambulatory SBP decreased from 146.8 (13.9) mmHg by 10.8 (14.1) mmHg, and from 149.8 (12.8) mmHg by 10.0 (14.0) mmHg in msRDN and Sham groups, respectively (p  0.05 between groups). Safety profiles were comparable between msRDN and Sham groups, demonstrating the safety and efficacy of renal mapping/selective RDN to treat uncontrolled HTN. Interpretation: The msRDN therapy achieved the goals of reducing the drug burden of HTN patients and controlling OSBP <140 mmHg, with only approximately four targeted ablations per renal main artery, much lower than in previous trials. Funding: SyMap Medical (Suzhou), LTD, Suzhou, China