China’s international aid to adult education

International aid or foreign aid has contributed significantly to world development since the end of World War II. Education is regarded as an indispensable component of international aid strategies. China was once a recipient of international aid. China has also been committed to assisting other countries consistently in decades. The unique role of China as both the donor and the recipient country attract worldwide interest in understanding China’s international aid strategy and how it differs from that of Western countries. This study employs document analysis based on the existing literature, government reports, and state leaders’ speeches from a historical perspective. The analysis focuses on the development of aid principles and educational aid practice in China. China began to provide international aid in the 1950s. According to the changes in the domestic and international environment, China’s aid can be divided into three stages. In line with it, the characteristics of China’s educational aid practice change at three different stages. The core principles of China’s international aid are equality, mutual respect, non-interference. Rooted in the Chinese traditional saying of “teaching one to fish rather than giving one fish”, China shared its experience with other developing countries through human resources and technical cooperation. Arguably, China’s educational aid mainly targets adult learners from developing countries across formal, non-formal, and informal settings

Predicaments and Countermeasures of Network Supervision in the Government of Anti-Corruption in China

Network supervision has become a new way of administrative supervision. Because of the failure of traditional administrative supervision, the network supervision is promoted to the the forefront of anti-corruption campaigns. However, network supervision, which is like a double-edged sword, plays a positive role and negative effects in administrative supervision. The network supervision can mobilize the enthusiasm of citizen participation, and it can decrease the cost of supervision. Openness and effectiveness of network can promote the development of network supervision, and also can avoid its dilemmas. Therefore, with the help of laws and regulations and autonomous network, network supervision may exert its particular advantages. It will improve efficiency of administrative supervision

An inversion algorithm for recovering a coefficient of Sturm-Liouville operator (Analysis of inverse problems through partial differential equations and related topics)

In this paper, an efficient algorithm for recovering a density of Sturm-Liouville operator from given two spectra is investigated. Based on Lidskii's theorem and Mercer's theorem, we build a sequence of trace formulae which bridge explicitly the density and eigenvalues in terms of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations. Due to intrinsic difficulties on ill-posedness of an inverse spectral problem, a truncated Fourier series regularization method is utilized for reconstructing the unknown density. Moreover, shifted Legendre polynomials are carried to balance the different order of trace formulae. Numerical results are presented to illustrated the effectiveness and stability of the proposed reconstruction algorithm

Poverty Alleviation and Development Path Analysis: A Case Study on Rocky Desertification Area of in Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou Province in China

Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou provinces are concentrated areas of rocky desertification in China. In this paper, the poverty status of Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou provinces rocky desertification areas can be analysed in multidimension. We can improve many aspects such as the ecological environment, infrastructure, education skills training and others for poverty alleviation and development. According to the poverty theory and related theory in applying to poverty alleviation of the Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou rocky desertification area, combined with their self-conditions of Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou provinces rocky desertification area, strive to solve the bottleneck problems of the development and curb desertification expansion trend, fundamentally change the face of the Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou provinces rocky desertification area, promote the sustainable development. On the basis of these, we can build the model of poverty alleviation and development of Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou provinces rocky desertification area

Orientation dependent thermal conductance in single-layer MoS 2

We investigate the thermal conductivity in the armchair and zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons, by combining the non-equilibrium Green's function approach and the first-principles method. A strong orientation dependence is observed in the thermal conductivity. Particularly, the thermal conductivity for the armchair MoS2 nanoribbon is about 673.6 Wm−1 K−1 in the armchair nanoribbon, and 841.1 Wm−1 K−1 in the zigzag nanoribbon at room temperature. By calculating the Caroli transmission, we disclose the underlying mechanism for this strong orientation dependence to be the fewer phonon transport channels in the armchair MoS2 nanoribbon in the frequency range of [150, 200] cm−1. Through the scaling of the phonon dispersion, we further illustrate that the thermal conductivity calculated for the MoS2 nanoribbon is esentially in consistent with the superior thermal conductivity found for graphene

Vibration Analysis of a Unimorph Nanobeam with a Dielectric Layer of Both Flexoelectricity and Piezoelectricity

In this study, for the first time, free and forced vibrational responses of a unimorph nanobeam consisting of a functionally graded base, along with a dielectric layer of both piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity, is investigated based on paradox-free local/nonlocal elasticity. The formulation and boundary conditions are attained by utilizing the energy method Hamilton’s principle. In order to set a comparison, the formulation of a model in the framework of differential nonlocal is first presented. An effective implementation of the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is then utilized to solve higher-order partial differential equations. This method can be utilized to solve the complex equations whose analytic results are quite difficult to obtain. Lastly, the impact of various parameters is studied to characterize the vibrational behavior of the system. Additionally, the major impact of flexoelectricity compared to piezoelectricity on a small scale is exhibited. The results show that small-scale flexoelectricity, rather than piezoelectricity, is dominant in electromechanical coupling. One of the results that can be mentioned is that the beams with higher nonlocality have the higher voltage and displacement under the same excitation amplitude. The findings can be helpful for further theoretical as well as experimental studies in which dielectric material is used in smart structures