Connections Between Ideals Of Semisimple Emv-algebras And Set-theoretic Filters

In this paper, we mainly study connections between ideals of the semisimple EMV-algebra M and filters on some nonempty set Ω. We show that there is a bijection between the set of all closed ideals of M and the set of all filters on Ω. We prove that the topological space of all closed prime ideals of M and the topological space of all weak ultrafilters on Ω are homeomorphic

The Impact of Financial Crises on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Developed Countries.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of financial crises on foreign direct investment (FDI) activity. The paper will examine whether or not there is fire sale FDI in host countries during a financial crisis. Also, it explores the extent to which FDI inflows is affected by the occurrence of a financial crisis. The paper adds a detail about the types of financial crises. It is expected that different types of financial crises have varying effects on FDI inflows. Hence, financial crises are categorized into banking crisis, inflation crisis, and currency crisis. It is also expected that differing types of FDI have different reaction to financial crises, hence FDI inflows are distinguished between two groups including cross-border merger and acquisitions (M&A) and greenfield investment. The sample used in this paper is based on 23 developed countries across four economic regions for the period 1990-2010. The paper uses a panel data analysis to check the appropriateness and effectiveness of financial crises in the FDI regression model. The empirical results indicate that financial crises have strong negative effects on FDI activity in my sample. In particular, banking crisis and currency crisis are shown to reduce the value of FDI inflows, FDI stocks and greenfield FDI activities significantly, while inflation crisis has little impact FDI activity. I do not find evidence in supporting the fire sale FDI hypothesis in my sample. On the other hand, financial crises lead to large decline in the value of cross-border M&A. Keywords: Foreign direct investment (FDI), Fire sale FDI, Financial crises, cross-border Merger and acquisitions (M&A

Design of gate-tunable graphene electro-optical reflectors based on an optical slot-antenna coupled cavity

The unique properties of graphene offer an exciting opportunity towards tunable photonic surfaces for flexible devices. In this paper, we design a gate-tunable, free-space graphene electro-optical reflector based on cavity resonator structures. We firstly calculate the graphene refractive index n and k as a function of Fermi level and external gating voltage. Then, we designed the structure of the single-layer graphene reflective resonator by carefully selecting suitable materials and device parameters to maximize the reflectance differences before and after electro-optical tuning. We also developed a theoretical model to discuss this system based on the optical transition matrix method. Moreover, we used field enhancement to further increase the reflectance differences by incorporating Sn nanodots based optical slot-antenna coupled cavities. The maximum broadband, incident angle insensitive reflectance differences could reach 28% with an extinction ratio of 1.62 dB at a low insertion loss of 0.45 dB, and the spectral range is tunable by changing the optical cavity length. We also used an indium tin oxide layer as part of the optical cavity and the electrode simultaneously to reduce the voltage applied. To our best knowledge, this work is the first one on tunable two-dimensional (2D) material reflectors for free-space applications, apart from using liquid crystals or magnetic metasurfaces. This new design of tunable 2D electro-optical reflectors also reduces the complexity of fabrication steps, having promising applications in tunable flexible photonic surfaces and devices for variable optical attenuators and light detection and ranging systems

Thermopower and Nernst measurements in a half-filled lowest Landau level

Motivated by recent proposal by Potter et al. [Phys. Rev. X 6, 031026 (2016)] concerning possible thermoelectric signatures of Dirac composite fermions, we perform a systematic experimental study of thermoelectric transport of an ultrahigh-mobility GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs two dimensional electron system at filling factor v = 1/2. We demonstrate that the thermopower Sxx and Nernst Sxy are symmetric and anti-symmetric with respect to B = 0 T, respectively. The measured properties of thermopower Sxx at v = 1/2 are consistent with previous experimental results. The Nernst signals Sxy of v = 1/2, which have not been reported previously, are non-zero and show a power law relation with temperature in the phonon-drag dominant region. In the electron-diffusion dominant region, the Nernst signals Sxy of v = 1/2 are found to be significantly smaller than the linear temperature dependent values predicted by Potter et al., and decreasing with temperature faster than linear dependence.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figure

The Impact of Financial Crises on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Developed Countries.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of financial crises on foreign direct investment (FDI) activity. The paper will examine whether or not there is fire sale FDI in host countries during a financial crisis. Also, it explores the extent to which FDI inflows is affected by the occurrence of a financial crisis. The paper adds a detail about the types of financial crises. It is expected that different types of financial crises have varying effects on FDI inflows. Hence, financial crises are categorized into banking crisis, inflation crisis, and currency crisis. It is also expected that differing types of FDI have different reaction to financial crises, hence FDI inflows are distinguished between two groups including cross-border merger and acquisitions (M&A) and greenfield investment. The sample used in this paper is based on 23 developed countries across four economic regions for the period 1990-2010. The paper uses a panel data analysis to check the appropriateness and effectiveness of financial crises in the FDI regression model. The empirical results indicate that financial crises have strong negative effects on FDI activity in my sample. In particular, banking crisis and currency crisis are shown to reduce the value of FDI inflows, FDI stocks and greenfield FDI activities significantly, while inflation crisis has little impact FDI activity. I do not find evidence in supporting the fire sale FDI hypothesis in my sample. On the other hand, financial crises lead to large decline in the value of cross-border M&A. Keywords: Foreign direct investment (FDI), Fire sale FDI, Financial crises, cross-border Merger and acquisitions (M&A

Strategy Selection and Outcome Evaluation of Three-Way Decisions Based on Reinforcement Learning

The trisecting-acting-outcome (TAO) model of three-way decision (3WD) consists of three steps: trisect a whole, design action strategies, and outcome analysis and measurement. Currently, research on outcome evaluation aims to measure the pre- and post-change in outcomes following the implementation of strategies, and it is still unable to predict which strategy will achieve the maximum effect. To narrow down this gap, this paper focuses on the “acting” and “outcome” of the TAO model and introduces a method for strategy selection and outcome prediction for the change-based three-way decision based on Q-learning in reinforcement learning. Firstly, the approach is to treat the altered tri-partition and the acting in the change-based three-way decision TAO model as states and actions in reinforcement learning, respectively, and to consider the process of obtaining a newly altered tri-partition each time under the acting of action or strategy as a cycle. The reward generated by each cycle is calculated using cumulative prospect theory, and the interaction process between the agent and the environment is represented by a Markov decision process. Secondly, a target reward is set, and the state when the cumulative reward of each cycle reaches the target reward is taken as the termination state of the Markov decision process. Then a Q-learning algorithm is used to iterate a set of actions that achieve the target reward in the shortest cycle and then the action set is used to predict the future utility of the change-based three-way decision. Finally, an example is employed to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the method

A Hybrid Mean Value Involving the Two-Term Exponential Sums and Two-Term Character Sums

The main purpose of this paper is using the properties of Gauss sums and the estimate for character sums to study the hybrid mean value problem involving the two-term exponential sums and two-term character sums and give an interesting asymptotic formula for it

Psychological contract’s effect on job mobility: Evidence from Chinese construction worker

The subject of this study is that the psychological contract (PC) approaches to job mobility within the construction industry with special reference to migrant construction workers in China. Using a semi-structured interview to elicit a full range of the PC’s con- tent of construction worker, we unravel the mechanism of such contract to influence the informal job mobility of workers through the lens of the evolutionary game framework. The results demonstrate that, in the case of fulfilling PC, the informal job mobility of workers is under control, and both workers and employers benefit from this situation. This study deepens the understanding of the PC’s effect on the job mobility of construction workers in China during the course of economic change. The theoretical and practical implications are discusse