Dynamics and Impacts of Human-Algorithm Consensus in Logistics Scheduling: Evidence from A Field Experiment

Algorithms are being implemented to aid human decision-making and most studies on human-algorithm interactions focus on how to improve human-algorithm cooperation. However, excessive reliance on algorithms in decision-making may hinder the complementary value of humans and algorithms. There is a lack of empirical evidence on the impacts of human-algorithm consensus in collaborative decision-making. To address this gap, this paper reports a large-scale field experiment conducted by one of China\u27s largest logistics firms in the context of route scheduling. The experiment involved assigning routes to either a treatment group, where algorithms and human operators collaborated in decision-making, or a control group, where human operators made decisions independently. We plan to collect data to evaluate the effects of algorithm implementation and to analyze the patterns and effects of human-algorithm consensus in a long-term cooperation. Our study aims to contribute to the literature on human-algorithm interactions in operational decisions

Prevalence and determinants of asthenopia among ophthalmologists in China: a national cross-sectional survey

IntroductionThe role of ophthalmologists is defined by tasks requiring visual effort, emphasizing the importance of examining their condition within the realm of occupational visual health. Our goal was to explore the occurrence of asthenopia among Chinese ophthalmologists and identify contributing factors through the use of a reliable and validated survey instrument.MethodsA national cross-sectional online survey was carried out in June 2017, involving 6,220 practicing ophthalmologists in China. Utilizing an 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire with established reliability and validity. Prevalence rates of asthenopia among subgroups categorized by age, gender, hospital classification, physician level, daily near vision activity duration, sleep duration, sleep quality, presbyopia status, and history of eye surgery were determined using the independent t-test, chi-square test and bonferroni test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to pinpoint independent factors linked to asthenopia.ResultsOut of the 5,009 ophthalmologists who completed the survey, a 40.7% prevalence of asthenopia was identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that good sleep quality (OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.20–0.30), moderate sleep quality (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.38–0.59), engaging in daily near vision activities for less than 7 h (OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.68–0.86), having daily sleep duration exceeding 7 h (OR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.77–0.98), and working in tertiary hospitals (OR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.78–0.99) were protective factors against asthenopia. Conversely, presbyopia was identified as a risk factor (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.04–1.70). All calculated p values were below 0.05. Age, gender, physician level, and eye surgery history were not related factors.ConclusionAsthenopia is prevalent among Chinese ophthalmologists, with employment in tertiary hospitals providing a protective effect and presbyopia is a risk factor. Preventive strategies include improving sleep quality, restricting daily near vision activity to under 7 h, and extending daily sleep duration to over 7 h. Further investigation is needed to explore the protective implications of working in tertiary hospitals

The Bridging Role of Goals between Affective Traits and Positive Creativity

Positive creativity training is crucial for 21st century learning, yet the influence of affective traits and goals with different intentions on positive creativity is unclear. We held a creativity training workshop for fifty-four undergraduates to determine its influence. We first assessed participants’ affective traits (risk-taking, curiosity, imagination, and complexity) using the Test of Divergent Feeling from the Creativity Assessment Packet. Then, we provided participants with twenty-seven products as inspiration sources for designing novel staplers. Each participant was asked to define a certain design goal, for which they chose one of the inspiration sources to generate ideas. We assessed the novelty of ideas and classified them according to the goals with different intentions. Results showed a bridging role of the goals between affective traits and creativity. This role was reflected in positive correlations between (1) curiosity and novelty with effort-saving goals; (2) complexity and novelty with orderliness goals. In addition, we found participants with high risk-taking tended to set versatility goals; the orderliness goal led to the highest novelty of ideas. Our findings suggested that teachers should pay attention to students’ affective traits and guide them to set goals in positive creativity education

The Bridging Role of Goals between Affective Traits and Positive Creativity

Positive creativity training is crucial for 21st century learning, yet the influence of affective traits and goals with different intentions on positive creativity is unclear. We held a creativity training workshop for fifty-four undergraduates to determine its influence. We first assessed participants’ affective traits (risk-taking, curiosity, imagination, and complexity) using the Test of Divergent Feeling from the Creativity Assessment Packet. Then, we provided participants with twenty-seven products as inspiration sources for designing novel staplers. Each participant was asked to define a certain design goal, for which they chose one of the inspiration sources to generate ideas. We assessed the novelty of ideas and classified them according to the goals with different intentions. Results showed a bridging role of the goals between affective traits and creativity. This role was reflected in positive correlations between (1) curiosity and novelty with effort-saving goals; (2) complexity and novelty with orderliness goals. In addition, we found participants with high risk-taking tended to set versatility goals; the orderliness goal led to the highest novelty of ideas. Our findings suggested that teachers should pay attention to students’ affective traits and guide them to set goals in positive creativity education

Feature Engineering and Artificial Intelligence-Supported Approaches Used for Electric Powertrain Fault Diagnosis: A Review

Electric powertrain is constituted by electric machine transmission unit, inverter and battery packs, etc., is a highly-integrated system. Its reliability and safety are not only related to industrial costs, but more importantly to the safety of human life. This review is the first contribution to comprehensively summarize both the feature engineering methods and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (including machine learning, neural networks and deep learning) in electric powertrain condition monitoring and fault diagnosis approaches. Specifically, this paper systematically divides the AI-supported method into two main steps: feature engineering and AI approach. On the one hand, it introduces the data and feature processing in AI-supported methods, and on the other hand it summarizes input signals, feature methods and AI algorithms included in the AI method in cases. Therefore, firstly this review is to guide how to choose the appropriate feature engineering method in further research. Secondly, the up-to-date AI algorithms adopted for powertrain health monitoring are presented in detail. Finally, such current approaches are discussed and future trends are proposed

Par-4/NF-κB Mediates the Apoptosis of Islet β Cells Induced by Glucolipotoxicity

Apoptosis of islet β cells is a primary pathogenic feature of type 2 diabetes, and ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in this process. Previous research has shown that prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4)/NF-κB induces cancer cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which Par-4/NF-κB induces islet β cell apoptosis remains unknown. We used a high glucose/palmitate intervention to mimic type 2 diabetes in vitro. We demonstrated that the high glucose/palmitate intervention induced the expression and secretion of Par-4. It also causes increased expression and activation of NF-κB, which induced NIT-1 cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Overexpression of Par-4 potentiates these effects, whereas downregulation of Par-4 attenuates them. Inhibition of NF-κB inhibited the Par-4-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, these effects occurred through the ER stress cell membrane and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Our findings reveal a novel role for Par-4/NF-κB in islet β cell apoptosis and type 2 diabetes