Specific heat of the simple-cubic Ising model

We provide an expression quantitatively describing the specific heat of the Ising model on the simple-cubic lattice in the critical region. This expression is based on finite-size scaling of numerical results obtained by means of a Monte Carlo method. It agrees satisfactorily with series expansions and with a set of experimental results. Our results include a determination of the universal amplitude ratio of the specific-heat divergences at both sides of the critical point.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure

Non-clausal multi-ary alpha-generalized resolution calculus for a finite lattice-valued logic

Due to the need of the logical foundation for uncertain information processing, development of efficient automated reasoning system based on non-classical logics is always an active research area. The present paper focuses on the resolution-based automated reasoning theory in a many-valued logic with truth-values defined in a lattice-ordered many-valued algebraic structure - lattice implication algebras (LIA). Specifically, as a continuation and extension of the established work on binary resolution at a certain truth-value level α (called α-resolution), a non-clausal multi-ary α-generalized resolution calculus is introduced for a lattice-valued propositional logic LP(X) based on LIA, which is essentially a non-clausal generalized resolution avoiding reduction to normal clausal form. The new resolution calculus in LP(X) is then proved to be sound and complete. The concepts and theoretical results are further extended and established in the corresponding lattice-valued first-order logic LF(X) based on LIA

Topology, Vorticity and Limit Cycle in a Stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation

A noisy stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation is analyzed by stochastic decomposition. For values of control parameter for which periodic stationary patterns exist, the dynamics can be decomposed into diffusive and transverse parts which act on a stochastic potential. The relative positions of stationary states in the stochastic global potential landscape can be obtained from the topology spanned by the low-lying eigenmodes which inter-connect them. Numerical simulations confirm the predicted landscape. The transverse component also predicts a universal class of vortex like circulations around fixed points. These drive nonlinear drifting and limit cycle motion of the underlying periodic structure in certain regions of parameter space. Our findings might be relevant in studies of other nonlinear systems such as deep learning neural networks.Comment: Main body: 16 pages, 3 figures; Supplementary: 14 pages, 6 figure

Ultra-bright, ultra-broadband hard x-ray driven by laser-produced energetic electron beams

We propose a new method of obtaining a compact ultra-bright, ultra-broadband hard X-ray source. This X-ray source has a high peak brightness in the order of 1022 photons/(s mm2 mrad2 0.1\%BW), an ultrashort duration (10 fs), and a broadband spectrum (flat distribution from 0.1 MeV to 4 MeV), and thus has wide-ranging potential applications, such as in ultrafast Laue diffraction experiments. In our scheme, laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs) provide driven electron beams. A foil target is placed oblique to the beam direction so that the target normal sheath field (TNSF) is used to provide a bending force. Using this TNSF-kick scheme, we can fully utilize the advantages of current LPAs, including their high charge, high energy, and low emittance

Expression of osteoprotegrin is enhanced in lung cancer tissues and promotes aggressive cellular traits in H3122 lung cancer cells

Background: Osteoprotegrin (OPG), a secreted protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily has been well-characterized and is an important regulator of bone remodeling by blocking osteoclast maturation thus preventing osteolysis. In recent years, OPG has been reported to have an association with the malignant capacity of various cancer types and cancer-associated bone metastasis, although the mechanisms of this are not clearly understood. Materials and Methods: In this study, OPG expression was analyzed in human lung cancer tissue and normal tissue based on the dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Oncomine. The in vitro effect of OPG on H3122 lung cancer cells was also assessed by characterizing cell function following knock-down and forced overexpression in this cell line. Results: The expression of OPG was significantly increased in lung cancer tissues compared to the normal control group and OPG promoted the malignant phenotypes of H3122 cells in in vitro models. Conclusion: OPG may be a potential driver of lung cancer cells and therefore might have potential in therapy and diagnostics

Charge ordering and chemical potential shift in La2−x_{2-x}Srx_xNiO4_4 studied by photoemission spectroscopy

We have studied the chemical potential shift in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$NiO$_4$ and the charge ordering transition in La$_{1.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$NiO$_4$ by photoemission spectroscopy. The result shows a large ($\sim$ 1 eV/hole) downward shift of the chemical potential with hole doping in the high-doping regime ($\delta \gtrsim$ 0.33) while the shift is suppressed in the low-doping regime ($\delta \lesssim$ 0.33). This suppression is attributed to a segregation of doped holes on a microscopic scale when the hole concentration is lower than $\delta \simeq 1/3$. In the $\delta = 1/3$ sample, the photoemission intensity at the chemical potential vanishes below the charge ordering transition temperature $T_{\rm CO}=$ 240 K.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure