300 research outputs found
Enhancement of ferromagnetism by p-wave Cooper pairing in superconducting ferromagnets
In superconducting ferromagnets for which the Curie temperature
exceeds the superconducting transition temperature , it was suggested
that ferromagnetic spin fluctuations could lead to superconductivity with
p-wave spin triplet Cooper pairing. Using the Stoner model of itinerant
ferromagnetism, we study the feedback effect of the p-wave superconductivity on
the ferromagnetism. Below , the ferromagnetism is enhanced by the p-wave
superconductivity. At zero temperature, the critical Stoner value for itinerant
ferromagnetism is reduced by the strength of the p-wave pairing potential, and
the magnetization increases correspondingly. More important, our results
suggest that once Stoner ferromagnetism is established, is unlikely to
ever be below . For strong and weak ferromagnetism, three and two peaks in
the temperature dependence of the specific heat are respectively predicted, the
upper peak in the latter case corresponding to a first-order transition.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Diamagnetism versus Paramagnetism in charged spin-1 Bose gases
It has been suggested that either diamagnetism or paramagnetism of Bose
gases, due to the charge or spin degrees of freedom respectively, appears
solely to be extraordinarily strong. We investigate magnetic properties of
charged spin-1 Bose gases in external magnetic field, focusing on the
competition between the diamagnetism and paramagnetism, using the Lande-factor
of particles to evaluate the strength of paramagnetic effect. We propose
that a gas with exhibits diamagnetism at all temperatures,
while a gas with always exhibits paramagnetism. Moreover, a gas with
the Lande-factor in between shows a shift from paramagnetism to diamagnetism as
the temperature decreases. The paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions to
the total magnetization density are also calculated in order to demonstrate
some details of the competition.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Magnetic properties of charged spin-1 Bose gases with ferromagnetic coupling
Magnetic properties of a charged spin-1 Bose gas with ferromagnetic
interactions is investigated within mean-field theory. It is shown that a
competition between paramagnetism, diamagnetism and ferromagnetism exists in
this system. It is shown that diamagnetism, being concerned with spontaneous
magnetization, cannot exceed ferromagnetism in very weak magnetic field. The
critical value of reduced ferromagnetic coupling of paramagnetic phase to
ferromagnetic phase transition increases with increasing
temperature. The Lande-factor is introduced to describe the strength of
paramagnetic effect which comes from the spin degree of freedom. The
magnetization density increases monotonically with for fixed
reduced ferromagnetic coupling as . In a weak
magnetic field, ferromagnetism makes immense contribution to the magnetization
density. While at a high magnetic field, the diamagnetism inclines to saturate.
Evidence for condensation can be seen in the magnetization density at weak
magnetic field.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics:
Condensed Matte
Competition between paramagnetism and diamagnetism in charged Fermi gases
The charged Fermi gas with a small Lande-factor is expected to be
diamagnetic, while that with a larger could be paramagnetic. We calculate
the critical value of the -factor which separates the dia- and para-magnetic
regions. In the weak-field limit, has the same value both at high and
low temperatures, . Nevertheless, increases with the
temperature reducing in finite magnetic fields. We also compare the
value of Fermi gases with those of Boltzmann and Bose gases, supposing the
particle has three Zeeman levels , and find that of
Bose and Fermi gases is larger and smaller than that of Boltzmann gases,
respectively.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Preserving the woody plant tree of life in China under future climate and land-cover changes
The tree of life (TOL) is severely threatened by climate and land-cover changes. Preserving the TOL is urgent, but has not been included in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Protected areas (PAs) are fundamental for biological conservation. However, we know little about the effectiveness of existing PAs in preserving the TOL of plants and how to prioritize PA expansion for better TOL preservation under future climate and land-cover changes. Here, using high-resolution distribution maps of 8732 woody species in China and phylogeny-based Zonation, we find that current PAs perform poorly in preserving the TOL both at present and in 2070s. The geographical coverage of TOL branches by current PAs is approx. 9%, and less than 3% of the identified priority areas for preserving the TOL are currently protected. Interestingly, the geographical coverage of TOL branches by PAs will be improved from 9% to 52-79% by the identified priority areas for PA expansion. Human pressures in the identified priority areas are high, leading to high cost for future PA expansion. We thus suggest that besides nature reserves and national parks, other effective area-based conservation measures should be considered. Our study argues for the inclusion of preserving the TOL in the post-2020 conservation framework, and provides references for decision-makers to preserve the Earth's evolutionary history.Fil: Peng, Shijia. Peking University; ChinaFil: Hu, Ruocheng. Peking University; ChinaFil: Velazco, Santiago José Elías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana; Brasil. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Luo, Yuan. Peking University; ChinaFil: Lyu, Tong. Peking University; ChinaFil: Zhang, Xiaoling. Peking University; ChinaFil: Zhang, Jian. East China Normal University; ChinaFil: Wang, Zhiheng. Peking University; Chin
A hybrid algorithm based on state-adaptive slime mold model and fractional-order ant system for the travelling salesman problem
open access articleThe ant colony optimization (ACO) is one efficient approach for solving the travelling salesman problem (TSP). Here, we propose a hybrid algorithm based on state-adaptive slime mold model and fractional-order ant system (SSMFAS) to address the TSP. The state-adaptive slime mold (SM) model with two targeted auxiliary strategies emphasizes some critical connections and balances the exploration and exploitation ability of SSMFAS. The consideration of fractional-order calculus in the ant system (AS) takes full advantage of the neighboring information. The pheromone update rule of AS is modified to dynamically integrate the flux information of SM. To understand the search behavior of the proposed algorithm, some mathematical proofs of convergence analysis are given. The experimental results validate the efficiency of the hybridization and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has the competitive ability of finding the better solutions on TSP instances compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms
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