In vitro micro-propagation of Longiflorum-Asiatic (LA) hybrids lily (Lilium) cultivar ‘eyeliner’

Bulblets propagation by tissue culture was one of the key techniques in the production of lily (Lilium) bulbs. Therefore, in vitro micro propagation of lily bulblets was studied in detail in this paper. L A hybrids lily cultivar ‘eyeliner’ was selected as the materials. By using the method of orthogonal design, the following were concluded from the research: the optimum treatment and disinfection methods of ‘eyeliner’ bulb scales was soaking in 1:500 carbendazim solution for 30 min, disinfection in 75% alcohol for 10 to 60 s, disinfection in 2% NaClO solution for 15 min; the optimum medium for bud induction of ‘eyeliner’ was MS + 0.5 mg·L-1 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) + 0.1 mg·L-1 naphlene acetic acid (NAA) + 90 g·L-1 sucrose, and 25°C and in darkness; the optimum medium for bulblets induction of ‘eyeliner’ was 2MS + 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA + sucrose 90 g·L-1 + Paclobutrazol (PP333) 2 mg·L-1; the optimum culture condition for bulblets induction of ‘eyeliner’ was 20°C, 14 h·day-1 lightness + 10 h·day-1 darkness. The optimum medium for rooting culture of ‘eyeliner’ was ½ MS + 0.8 mg·L-1 NAA + 3 g·L-1 activated charcoal, 20°C, 14 h·day-1 lightness + 10 h·day-1 darkness.Keywords: Lily bulb, orthogonal experiment, in vitro micro propagatio

Experimental high-intensity three-photon entangled source

We experimentally realize a high-intensity three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement source directly following the proposal by Rarity and Tapster [J. G. Rarity and P. R. Tapster, Phys. Rev. A 59, R35 (1999)]. The threefold coincidence rate can be more than 200 Hz with a fidelity of 0.811, and the intensity can be further improved with moderate fidelity degradation. The GHZ entanglement is characterized by testing the Bell-Mermin inequality and using an entanglement witness operator. To optimize the polarization-entangled source, we theoretically analyze the relationship between the mean photon number of the single-photon source and the probability of parametric down-conversion.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The JNK inhibitor SP600125 enhances dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis by accelerating Bax translocation into mitochondria in human lung adenocarcinoma cells

AbstractThe C-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 is widely used to inhibit the JNK-mediated Bax activation and cell apoptosis. However, this report demonstrates that SP600125 synergistically enhances the dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-induced human lung adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis by accelerating Bax translocation and subsequent intrinsic apoptotic pathway involving mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. The dynamical analysis of GFP-Bax mobility inside single living cells using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that SP600125 aggravated the DHA-induced decrease of Bax mobility and Bax translocation. These results for the first time present a novel pro-apoptotic action of SP600125 in DHA-induced apoptosis

1-(2-Fluoro­benz­yl)-1-(2-fluoro­benz­yl­oxy)urea

In the title hydroxy­urea derivative, C15H14F2N2O2, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 48.64 (19)°. The urea group forms dihedral angles of 48.1 (2) and 79.2 (2)° with the two benzene rings. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur, and further N—H⋯O links lead to chains of molecules

Fermionic steering is not nonlocal in the background of dilaton black hole

We study the redistribution of the fermionic steering and the relation among fermionic Bell nonlocality, steering, and entanglement in the background of the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger dilaton black hole. We analyze the meaning of the fermionic steering in terms of the Bell inequality in curved spacetime. We find that the fermionic steering, which is previously found to survive in the extreme dilaton black hole, cannot be considered to be nonlocal. We also find that the dilaton gravity can redistribute the fermionic steering, but cannot redistribute Bell nonlocality, which means that the physically inaccessible steering is also not nonlocal. Unlike the inaccessible entanglement, the inaccessible steering may increase non-monotonically with the dilaton. Furthermore, we obtain some monogamy relations between the fermionic steering and entanglement in dilaton spacetime. In addition, we show the difference between the fermionic and bosonic steering in curved spacetime.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure

Topological sound

Recently, we witnessed a tremendous effort to conquer the realm of acoustics as a possible playground to test with topologically protected sound wave propagation. In this article, we review the latest efforts to explore with sound waves topological states of quantum matter in two- and three-dimensional systems where we discuss how spin and valley degrees of freedom appear as highly novel ingredients to tailor the flow of sound in the form of one-way edge modes and defect-immune protected acoustic waves. Both from a theoretical stand point and based on contemporary experimental verifications, we summarize the latest advancements of the flourishing research frontier on topological sound.X.J.Z. and L.M.H. are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11625418 and No. 51732006). M.X. is supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. CBET-1641069). Y.C. acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 11834008,11874215, 11674172, and 11574148) and from the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303702). J.C. acknowledges the support from the European Research Council (ERC) through the Starting Grant No. 714577 PHONOMETA and from the MINECO through a Ramón y Cajal grant (Grant No. RYC-2015-17156

How tyramine β-hydroxylase controls the production of octopamine, modulating the mobility of beetles

Biogenic amines perform many kinds of important physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS) of insects, acting as neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones. The five most abundant types of biogenic amines in invertebrates are dopamine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, and octopamine (OA). However, in beetles, an important group of model and pest insects, the role of tyramine beta-hydroxylase (T beta H) in the OA biosynthesis pathway and the regulation of behavior remains unknown so far. We therefore investigated the molecular characterization and spatiotemporal expression profiles of T beta H in red flour beetles (Triboliun castaneum). Most importantly, we detected the production of OA and measured the crawling speed of beetles after dsTcT beta H injection. We concluded that TcT beta H controls the biosynthesis amount of OA in the CNS, and this in turn modulates the mobility of the beetles. Our new results provided basic information about the key genes in the OA biosynthesis pathway of the beetles, and expanded our knowledge on the physiological functions of OA in insects