2,594 research outputs found
Berry Phase Effects on Electronic Properties
Ever since its discovery, the Berry phase has permeated through all branches
of physics. Over the last three decades, it was gradually realized that the
Berry phase of the electronic wave function can have a profound effect on
material properties and is responsible for a spectrum of phenomena, such as
ferroelectricity, orbital magnetism, various (quantum/anomalous/spin) Hall
effects, and quantum charge pumping. This progress is summarized in a
pedagogical manner in this review. We start with a brief summary of necessary
background, followed by a detailed discussion of the Berry phase effect in a
variety of solid state applications. A common thread of the review is the
semiclassical formulation of electron dynamics, which is a versatile tool in
the study of electron dynamics in the presence of electromagnetic fields and
more general perturbations. Finally, we demonstrate a re-quantization method
that converts a semiclassical theory to an effective quantum theory. It is
clear that the Berry phase should be added as a basic ingredient to our
understanding of basic material properties.Comment: 48 pages, 16 figures, submitted to RM
High-cadence, High-resolution Spectroscopic Observations of Herbig Stars HD 98922 and V1295 Aquila
Recent observational work has indicated that mechanisms for accretion and
outflow in Herbig Ae/Be star-disk systems may differ from magnetospheric
accretion (MA) as it is thought to occur in T Tauri star-disk systems. In this
work, we assess the temporal evolution of spectral lines probing accretion and
mass loss in Herbig Ae/Be systems and test for consistency with the MA
paradigm. For two Herbig Ae/Be stars, HD 98922 (B9e) and V1295 Aql (A2e), we
have gathered multi-epoch (~years) and high-cadence (~minutes) high-resolution
optical spectra to probe a wide range of kinematic processes. Employing a line
equivalent width evolution correlation metric introduced here, we identify
species co-evolving (indicative of common line origin) via novel visualization.
We interferometrically constrain often problematically degenerate parameters,
inclination and inner disk radius, allowing us to focus on the structure of the
wind, magnetosphere, and inner gaseous disk in radiative transfer models. Over
all timescales sampled, the strongest variability occurs within the blueshifted
absorption components of the Balmer series lines; the strength of variability
increases with the cadence of the observations. Finally, high-resolution
spectra allow us to probe substructure within the Balmer series' blueshifted
absorption components: we observe static, low-velocity features and
time-evolving features at higher velocities. Overall, we find the observed line
morphologies and variability are inconsistent with a scaled-up T Tauri MA
scenario. We suggest that as magnetic field structure and strength change
dramatically with increasing stellar mass from T Tauri to Herbig Ae/Be stars,
so too may accretion and outflow processes.Comment: 34 pages, 52 figures, published in the Ap
Some stability properties of T. Chan’s preconditioner
AbstractA matrix is said to be stable if the real parts of all the eigenvalues are negative. In this paper, for any matrix An, we give some sufficient and necessary conditions for the stability of T. Chan’s preconditioner cU(An)
Control interface concepts for CHARA 6-telescope fringe tracking with CHAMP+MIRC
Cophasing six telescopes from the CHARA array, the CHARA-Michigan
Phasetracker (CHAMP) and Michigan Infrared Combiner (MIRC) are pushing the
frontiers of infrared long-baseline interferometric imaging in key scientific
areas such as star- and planet-formation. Here we review our concepts and
recent improvements on the CHAMP and MIRC control interfaces, which establish
the communication to the real-time data recording & fringe tracking code,
provide essential performance diagnostics, and assist the observer in the
alignment and flux optimization procedure. For fringe detection and tracking
with MIRC, we have developed a novel matrix approach, which provides
predictions for the fringe positions based on cross-fringe information.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, published in SPIE conference proceedings
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.926559
A Span-Extraction Dataset for Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension
Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) has become enormously popular recently
and has attracted a lot of attention. However, the existing reading
comprehension datasets are mostly in English. In this paper, we introduce a
Span-Extraction dataset for Chinese machine reading comprehension to add
language diversities in this area. The dataset is composed by near 20,000 real
questions annotated on Wikipedia paragraphs by human experts. We also annotated
a challenge set which contains the questions that need comprehensive
understanding and multi-sentence inference throughout the context. We present
several baseline systems as well as anonymous submissions for demonstrating the
difficulties in this dataset. With the release of the dataset, we hosted the
Second Evaluation Workshop on Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension (CMRC
2018). We hope the release of the dataset could further accelerate the Chinese
machine reading comprehension research. Resources are available:
https://github.com/ymcui/cmrc2018Comment: 6 pages, accepted as a conference paper at EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 (short
paper
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy and ab initio electronic structure of the LaOFeP superconductor
The electronic band structures of the LaOFeP superconductor have been
calculated theoretically by the first principles method and measured
experimentally by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The calculations indicate
that the Fe atom in LaOFeP crystal shows a weak magnetic moment and does not
form a long-range magnetic ordering. Band structure, Fermi surfaces and
fluorine-doping effects are also analyzed based on the data of the density
functional theory. The fine structures of the EELS data have been carefully
examined in both the low loss energy region and the core losses region (O K, Fe
L2,3, and La M4,5). A slight bump edge at 44 eV shows notable
orientation-dependence: it can be observed in the low loss EELS spectra with q
parallel to c, but becomes almost invisible in the q vertical to c spectra.
Annealing experiments indicate that low oxygen pressure favors the appearance
of superconductivity in LaOFeP, this fact is also confirmed by the changes of
Fe L2,3 and O K excitation edges in the experimental EELS data
Near Infrared View of Stellar Surfaces and Circumstellar Disks with an Upgraded Optical Interferometer.
Modern long-baseline optical interferometers can reach sub-milliarcsecond angular resolutions, allowing us to resolve the detailed structures over stellar surfaces as well as circumstellar disks. Through modeling and imaging two rapidly rotating stars observed in H band by the interferometer CHARA/MIRC, I will show how the rotation affects the stellar geometries, surface temperature distributions and evolutions. A high-eccentricity Be binary system was observed right after its periastron by the same interferometer, providing an opportunity to study whether the gravitational interference from the secondary would trig the gaseous disk formation around the primary.
I have also worked on three instrumental projects to improve the scientific results from the interferometer. In order to reduce the uncertainty of visibility measurements from MIRC, I have developed Photometric Channels to directly measure the fluxes of individual beams in the real time. MIRC has further been expanded from a 4-beam combiner to a 6-beam combiner to improve the (u,v) coverage to image more complicated systems. Lastly we have been developing Wavefront Sensors of the Adaptive Optics systems on the CHARA telescopes to improve the sensitivity to study  fainter objects such as the innermost edges of YSO disks.PHDAstronomy and AstrophysicsUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108941/1/xche_1.pd
Mao-Zedong At SemEval-2023 Task 4: Label Represention Multi-Head Attention Model With Contrastive Learning-Enhanced Nearest Neighbor Mechanism For Multi-Label Text Classification
The study of human values is essential in both practical and theoretical
domains. With the development of computational linguistics, the creation of
large-scale datasets has made it possible to automatically recognize human
values accurately. SemEval 2023 Task 4\cite{kiesel:2023} provides a set of
arguments and 20 types of human values that are implicitly expressed in each
argument. In this paper, we present our team's solution. We use the
Roberta\cite{liu_roberta_2019} model to obtain the word vector encoding of the
document and propose a multi-head attention mechanism to establish connections
between specific labels and semantic components. Furthermore, we use a
contrastive learning-enhanced K-nearest neighbor
mechanism\cite{su_contrastive_2022} to leverage existing instance information
for prediction. Our approach achieved an F1 score of 0.533 on the test set and
ranked fourth on the leaderboard
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