506 research outputs found

    Bubble formation and bubble-wall interaction at a submerged orifice

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    Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

    Cross-plane transport in a single-molecule two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction

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    Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures (2D-vdWHs) stacked from atomically thick 2D materials are predicted to be a diverse class of electronic materials with unique electronic properties. These properties can be further tuned by sandwiching monolayers of planar organic molecules between 2D materials to form molecular 2D-vdW heterojunctions (M-2D-vdWHs), in which electricity flows in a cross-plane way from one 2D layer to the other via a single molecular layer. Using a newly developed cross-plane break junction (XPBJ) technique, combined with density functional theory calculations, we show that M-2D-vdWHs can be created, and that cross-plane charge transport can be tuned by incorporating guest molecules. More importantly, the M-2D-vdWHs exhibit distinct cross-plane charge transport signatures, which differ from those of molecules undergoing in-plane charge transport

    Re-appearance of precipitated aragonite crystal fans as evidence for expansion of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon reservoir in the aftermath of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event

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    The initial accumulation of atmospheric oxygen is marked by the unprecedented positive δ13Ccarb excursions of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (LJE) and records an interval of abnormal O2 production through elevated rates of organic carbon burial. Emerging evidence suggests that the post-LJE atmosphere-ocean system might have suffered a significant deoxygenation. These dynamic perturbations in the oceanic redox state and biogeochemical cycles would have led to fundamental changes in carbonate precipitation dynamics. Here, we report the discovery of centimeter-sized crystal fans in the post-LJE Huaiyincun Formation, Hutuo Supergroup in the North China Craton. The hexagonal cross-sections and square terminations suggest that these fan-like dolomitic structures were originally aragonite crystal fans (ACF). Variations of stromatolite morphology and frequent occurrences of storm-related deposits in the Huaiyincun Formation point to repeated cycles of sea level changes. The bedding-parallel distribution of the ACF and the homogeneous δ13C values of the ACF-bearing dolostones are consistent with a primary depositional origin for the ACF. An updated compilation of published records of ACF throughout geological history highlights a clear absence of ACF from the initiation of the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event until the end of the LJE, and a global reappearance of ACF in the post-LJE late Paleoproterozoic. We propose that the reappearance of ACF is in agreement with the expansion of the oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon reservoir. At the same time, consumption of dissolved oxygen during the oxidation of organic matter might have been stimulated by ferruginous deep seawater, facilitating the formation of Huiayincun ACF

    Evidence of a resonant structure in the e+eπ+D0De^+e^-\to \pi^+D^0D^{*-} cross section between 4.05 and 4.60 GeV

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    The cross section of the process e+eπ+D0De^+e^-\to \pi^+D^0D^{*-} for center-of-mass energies from 4.05 to 4.60~GeV is measured precisely using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two enhancements are clearly visible in the cross section around 4.23 and 4.40~GeV. Using several models to describe the dressed cross section yields stable parameters for the first enhancement, which has a mass of 4228.6 \pm 4.1 \pm 6.3 \un{MeV}/c^2 and a width of 77.0 \pm 6.8 \pm 6.3 \un{MeV}, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. Our resonant mass is consistent with previous observations of the Y(4220)Y(4220) state and the theoretical prediction of a DDˉ1(2420)D\bar{D}_1(2420) molecule. This result is the first observation of Y(4220)Y(4220) associated with an open-charm final state. Fits with three resonance functions with additional Y(4260)Y(4260), Y(4320)Y(4320), Y(4360)Y(4360), ψ(4415)\psi(4415), or a new resonance, do not show significant contributions from either of these resonances. The second enhancement is not from a single known resonance. It could contain contributions from ψ(4415)\psi(4415) and other resonances, and a detailed amplitude analysis is required to better understand this enhancement

    Search for the decay J/ψγ+invisibleJ/\psi\to\gamma + \rm {invisible}

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    We search for J/ψJ/\psi radiative decays into a weakly interacting neutral particle, namely an invisible particle, using the J/ψJ/\psi produced through the process ψ(3686)π+πJ/ψ\psi(3686)\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi in a data sample of (448.1±2.9)×106(448.1\pm2.9)\times 10^6 ψ(3686)\psi(3686) decays collected by the BESIII detector at BEPCII. No significant signal is observed. Using a modified frequentist method, upper limits on the branching fractions are set under different assumptions of invisible particle masses up to 1.2  GeV/c2\mathrm{\ Ge\kern -0.1em V}/c^2. The upper limit corresponding to an invisible particle with zero mass is 7.0×107\times 10^{-7} at the 90\% confidence level

    Observation and study of the decay J/ψϕηηJ/\psi\rightarrow\phi\eta\eta'

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    We report the observation and study of the decay J/ψϕηηJ/\psi\rightarrow\phi\eta\eta' using 1.3×1091.3\times{10^9} J/ψJ/\psi events collected with the BESIII detector. Its branching fraction, including all possible intermediate states, is measured to be (2.32±0.06±0.16)×104(2.32\pm0.06\pm0.16)\times{10^{-4}}. We also report evidence for a structure, denoted as XX, in the ϕη\phi\eta' mass spectrum in the 2.02.12.0-2.1 GeV/c2c^2 region. Using two decay modes of the η\eta' meson (γπ+π\gamma\pi^+\pi^- and ηπ+π\eta\pi^+\pi^-), a simultaneous fit to the ϕη\phi\eta' mass spectra is performed. Assuming the quantum numbers of the XX to be JP=1J^P = 1^-, its significance is found to be 4.4σ\sigma, with a mass and width of (2002.1±27.5±21.4)(2002.1 \pm 27.5 \pm 21.4) MeV/c2c^2 and (129±17±9)(129 \pm 17 \pm 9) MeV, respectively, and a product branching fraction B(J/ψηX)×B(Xϕη)=(9.8±1.2±1.7)×105\mathcal{B}(J/\psi\rightarrow\eta{}X)\times{}\mathcal{B}(X\rightarrow\phi\eta')=(9.8 \pm 1.2 \pm 1.7)\times10^{-5}. Alternatively, assuming JP=1+J^P = 1^+, the significance is 3.8σ\sigma, with a mass and width of (2062.8±13.1±7.2)(2062.8 \pm 13.1 \pm 7.2) MeV/c2c^2 and (177±36±35)(177 \pm 36 \pm 35) MeV, respectively, and a product branching fraction B(J/ψηX)×B(Xϕη)=(9.6±1.4±2.0)×105\mathcal{B}(J/\psi\rightarrow\eta{}X)\times{}\mathcal{B}(X\rightarrow\phi\eta')=(9.6 \pm 1.4 \pm 2.0)\times10^{-5}. The angular distribution of J/ψηXJ/\psi\rightarrow\eta{}X is studied and the two JPJ^P assumptions of the XX cannot be clearly distinguished due to the limited statistics. In all measurements the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures and 4 table

    Observation of Ds+pnˉD^+_s\rightarrow p\bar{n} and confirmation of its large branching fraction

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    The baryonic decay Ds+pnˉD^+_s\rightarrow p\bar{n} is observed, and the corresponding branching fraction is measured to be (1.21±0.10±0.05)×103(1.21\pm0.10\pm0.05)\times10^{-3}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and second systematic. The data sample used in this analysis was collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII e+ee^+e^- double-ring collider with a center-of-mass energy of 4.178~GeV and an integrated luminosity of 3.19~fb1^{-1}. The result confirms the previous measurement by the CLEO Collaboration and is of greatly improved precision, which may deepen our understanding of the dynamical enhancement of the W-annihilation topology in the charmed meson decays

    First observations of hch_c \to hadrons

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    Based on (4.48±0.03)×108(4.48 \pm 0.03) \times 10^{8} ψ(3686)\psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, five hch_c hadronic decays are searched for via process ψ(3686)π0hc\psi(3686) \to \pi^0 h_c. Three of them, hcppˉπ+πh_c \to p \bar{p} \pi^+ \pi^-, π+ππ0\pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0, and 2(π+π)π02(\pi^+ \pi^-) \pi^0 are observed for the first time, with statistical significances of 7.4σ\sigma, 4.9σ4.9\sigma, and 9.1σ\sigma, and branching fractions of (2.89±0.32±0.55)×103(2.89\pm0.32\pm0.55)\times10^{-3}, (1.60±0.40±0.32)×103(1.60\pm0.40\pm0.32)\times10^{-3}, and (7.44±0.94±1.56)×103(7.44\pm0.94\pm1.56)\times10^{-3}, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. No significant signal is observed for the other two decay modes, and the corresponding upper limits of the branching fractions are determined to be B(hc3(π+π)π0)<8.7×103B(h_c \to 3(\pi^+ \pi^-) \pi^0)<8.7\times10^{-3} and B(hcK+Kπ+π)<5.8×104B(h_c \to K^+ K^- \pi^+ \pi^-)<5.8\times10^{-4} at 90% confidence level.Comment: 17 pages, 16 figure

    Observation of ηcωω\eta_c\to\omega\omega in J/ψγωωJ/\psi\to\gamma\omega\omega

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    Using a sample of (1310.6±7.0)×106(1310.6\pm7.0)\times10^6 J/ψJ/\psi events recorded with the BESIII detector at the symmetric electron positron collider BEPCII, we report the observation of the decay of the (11S0)(1^1 S_0) charmonium state ηc\eta_c into a pair of ω\omega mesons in the process J/ψγωωJ/\psi\to\gamma\omega\omega. The branching fraction is measured for the first time to be B(ηcωω)=(2.88±0.10±0.46±0.68)×103\mathcal{B}(\eta_c\to\omega\omega)= (2.88\pm0.10\pm0.46\pm0.68)\times10^{-3}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is from the uncertainty of B(J/ψγηc)\mathcal{B}(J/\psi\to\gamma\eta_c). The mass and width of the ηc\eta_c are determined as M=(2985.9±0.7±2.1)M=(2985.9\pm0.7\pm2.1)\,MeV/c2c^2 and Γ=(33.8±1.6±4.1)\Gamma=(33.8\pm1.6\pm4.1)\,MeV.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
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