The Restrictive Factors and Practical Path of Sports-Medical Integration Under the Background of COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper explored the restrictive factors of realizing the integration of sports and medicine in China under the background of “COVID-19 pandemic” and analyzed the path of realizing the integration of sports and medicine by combining it with “Healthy China” strategy and “National Fitness Program”. We used document and expert interview method. In the new era, people’s desire for a better life has become the most extensive demand, and the sudden outbreak of epidemic makes people’s demand for health become the first demand. The importance of people’s health raises “Healthy China” as the national development strategy, which has become the opportunities to realize the “integration of sports and medicine”. At present, China has formed three “sports-medical integration” models: the combination of the government and the market, the fitness guidance center of the hospital and the physique monitoring center of the community. Among them, the model of community physique monitoring center is in line with China\u27s national conditions, but the development of this model still needs policy and financial support. At present, China’s “integration of sports and medicine” is still facing a few challenges: a) The conceptual understanding remains weak while the belief to medical treatment and negligence of sports is strong; b) There is lack of standards of sports knowledge and skills, so it is difficult to reach a consensus; c) The sports and medicine industry has a low level of integration and lacks an integrated environment. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a challenge but also an opportunity to realize the integration of sports and medicine. At present, with the support of national strategy, “integration of sports and medicine” is in the best historical development opportunity. At the same time, however, it also faces a series of contradictions. In this regard, it is necessary to deepen the essence of the two to carry out conceptual innovation and enhance the national recognition of the functional value of “sports-medicine integration”. Strategies include cooperating with sports medicine institutions to build a service platform, strengthening the integration of sports and medicine disciplines while building a qualification certification system and cultivating comprehensive talents, and improving the environment of “integration of sports and medicine” with building the foundation of harmonious symbiosis

NR2B phosphorylation at tyrosine 1472 contributes to brain injury in a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.

Background and purposeThe NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is phosphorylated by the Src family kinase Fyn in brain, with tyrosine (Y) 1472 as the major phosphorylation site. Although Y1472 phosphorylation is important for synaptic plasticity, it is unknown whether it is involved in NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI). This study was designed to elucidate the specific role of Y1472 phosphorylation of NR2B in neonatal HI in vivo and in NMDA-mediated neuronal death in vitro.MethodsNeonatal mice with a knockin mutation of Y1472 to phenylalanine (YF-KI) and their wild-type littermates were subjected to HI using the Vannucci model. Brains were scored 5 days later for damage using cresyl violet and iron staining. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation were performed to determine NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation. Expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and superoxide production were measured in vivo. NMDA-induced calcium response, superoxide formation, and cell death were evaluated in primary cortical neurons.ResultsAfter neonatal HI, YF-KI mice have reduced expression of NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox and p47phox and superoxide production, lower activity of proteases implicated in necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and less brain damage when compared with the wild-type mice. In vitro, YF-KI mutation diminishes superoxide generation in response to NMDA without effect on calcium accumulation and inhibits NMDA and glutamate-induced cell death.ConclusionsUpregulation of NR2B phosphorylation at Y1472 after neonatal HI is involved in superoxide-mediated oxidative stress and contributes to brain injury

Retraction Note: Identification of de Novo Mutations in Prenatal Neurodevelopment-Associated Genes in Schizophrenia in Two Han Chinese Patient-Sibling Family-Based Cohorts (Translational Psychiatry, (2020), 10, 1, (307), 10.1038/s41398-020-00987-Z)

© 2020, The Author(s). This article1 has been retracted at the request of Authors Xingwang Li and Lin He. After publication, it was realized that approval to use data from the NSFC-NIH Sino-US cooperation project (Project No. 81361120389) was not obtained from the data owners. Authors Dongmei Cao, Xiangning Chen, Lin He, Kenneth Kendler, Xingwang Li, Travis Mize, Chunling Wan and Jain-Shing Wu agree to this retraction. Authors Shan Jiang, Jingchun Chen and Zongming Zhao do not agree to this retraction. Authors Guang He, Peilin Jia, Xiaoqian Jiang, Yimei Lu, Ming Tsuang, Yin-Ying Wang and Daizhan Zhou did not respond to correspondence from the Publisher about this retraction

Increased Genetic Vulnerability to Smoking at CHRNA5 in Early-Onset Smokers

Recent studies have shown an association between cigarettes per day (CPD) and a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in CHRNA5, rs16969968

Distinct Loci in the CHRNA5 / CHRNA3 / CHRNB4 Gene Cluster Are Associated With Onset of Regular Smoking

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes (CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4) have been reproducibly associated with nicotine dependence, smoking behaviors, and lung cancer risk. Of the few reports that have focused on early smoking behaviors, association results have been mixed. This meta-analysis examines early smoking phenotypes and SNPs in the gene cluster to determine: (1) whether the most robust association signal in this region (rs16969968) for other smoking behaviors is also associated with early behaviors, and/or (2) if additional statistically independent signals are important in early smoking. We focused on two phenotypes: age of tobacco initiation (AOI) and age of first regular tobacco use (AOS). This study included 56,034 subjects (41 groups) spanning nine countries and evaluated five SNPs including rs1948, rs16969968, rs578776, rs588765, and rs684513. Each dataset was analyzed using a centrally generated script. Meta-analyses were conducted from summary statistics. AOS yielded significant associations with SNPs rs578776 (beta = 0.02, P = 0.004), rs1948 (beta = 0.023, P = 0.018), and rs684513 (beta = 0.032, P = 0.017), indicating protective effects. There were no significant associations for the AOI phenotype. Importantly, rs16969968, the most replicated signal in this region for nicotine dependence, cigarettes per day, and cotinine levels, was not associated with AOI (P = 0.59) or AOS (P = 0.92). These results provide important insight into the complexity of smoking behavior phenotypes, and suggest that association signals in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster affecting early smoking behaviors may be different from those affecting the mature nicotine dependence phenotype

Single cell atlas for 11 non-model mammals, reptiles and birds.

The availability of viral entry factors is a prerequisite for the cross-species transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Large-scale single-cell screening of animal cells could reveal the expression patterns of viral entry genes in different hosts. However, such exploration for SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA sequencing for 11 non-model species, including pets (cat, dog, hamster, and lizard), livestock (goat and rabbit), poultry (duck and pigeon), and wildlife (pangolin, tiger, and deer), and investigated the co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Furthermore, cross-species analysis of the lung cell atlas of the studied mammals, reptiles, and birds reveals core developmental programs, critical connectomes, and conserved regulatory circuits among these evolutionarily distant species. Overall, our work provides a compendium of gene expression profiles for non-model animals, which could be employed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 target cells and putative zoonotic reservoirs

Morphological diversity of single neurons in molecularly defined cell types.

Dendritic and axonal morphology reflects the input and output of neurons and is a defining feature of neuronal types1,2, yet our knowledge of its diversity remains limited. Here, to systematically examine complete single-neuron morphologies on a brain-wide scale, we established a pipeline encompassing sparse labelling, whole-brain imaging, reconstruction, registration and analysis. We fully reconstructed 1,741 neurons from cortex, claustrum, thalamus, striatum and other brain regions in mice. We identified 11 major projection neuron types with distinct morphological features and corresponding transcriptomic identities. Extensive projectional diversity was found within each of these major types, on the basis of which some types were clustered into more refined subtypes. This diversity follows a set of generalizable principles that govern long-range axonal projections at different levels, including molecular correspondence, divergent or convergent projection, axon termination pattern, regional specificity, topography, and individual cell variability. Although clear concordance with transcriptomic profiles is evident at the level of major projection type, fine-grained morphological diversity often does not readily correlate with transcriptomic subtypes derived from unsupervised clustering, highlighting the need for single-cell cross-modality studies. Overall, our study demonstrates the crucial need for quantitative description of complete single-cell anatomy in cell-type classification, as single-cell morphological diversity reveals a plethora of ways in which different cell types and their individual members may contribute to the configuration and function of their respective circuits

A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex

ABSTRACT We report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex (MOp or M1) as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties, and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell type organization: First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that congruently integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a unified taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that are conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the epigenomic, transcriptomic, and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types and subtypes. Fourth, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially-resolved cell type atlas of the motor cortex. Fifth, integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic and anatomical analyses reveal the correspondence between neural circuits and transcriptomic cell types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting and fate mapping glutamatergic projection neuron types toward linking their developmental trajectory to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unified and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties