Reduction of intra-articular adhesion by topical application of daidzein following knee surgery in rabbits

Background: Intra-articular adhesion is the commonest complication that is faced by orthopedic surgeons after knee surgery. Thus, the present investigation evaluates the effect of daidzein on intra-articular adhesion in rabbits.Material and methods: All the rabbits were separated in to four different groups each group carries ten rabbits. Cancellous bone was exposed in each rabbit by removing cortical bone from both side of the femoral condyle. Following daidzein (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml) was topically applied for the duration of 10 min to the decorticated areas. Thereafter for the period of 4 week surgical limb was fixed. Effect of daidzein on intra articular adhesion was estimated by visual score through macroscopic examination, histopathology study, hydroxyproline content, fibroblast and collage density.Results: Data obtained in the study suggest that topical application of daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) loose the collagen and significantly decreases the adhesion at the decorticated areas. Moreover there were significant reduction in the fibroblast density, hydroxyproline content and optical density of collagen tissue in daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) treated group than control.Conclusion: Thus present study concludes that topical application of daidzein reduces intra-articular adhesion around the knee.Keywords: Daidzein, articular adhesion, fibroblast, chondrocyt

Arglabin as a potential drug in the treatment of Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats

Purpose: To investigate the anti-arthritic activity of arglabin in Freund’s complete adjuvant- induced arthritis in rats, and the likely underlying mechanism.Methods: A total of 40 male albino Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 150 g were used for this study. The rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each: control group, arthritis group, arglabintreated group, and standard (STD) group. Chronic arthritis was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant in the plantar region of the rats. Rats in the arglabin-treated group received 5 ng/g arglabin intraperitoneally (i.p.), while those in the STD group received 1.5 mg/kg indomethacin, p.o. for 4 weeks. The development of arthritis was assessed at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28th day of protocol by measuring thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical nociceptive threshold, arthritic score and paw volume. Activities of liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino-transaminase (ALT) and aspartate amino-transaminase (AST), and the levels of inflammatory cytokines -tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-1β were measured in the synovial fluid, while those of inflammatory mediators - thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were determined in serum. The expressions of mRNAs of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also determined in rat synovial tissues.Results: Arglabin significantly decreased the paw swelling and arthritic scores, but significantly increased the paw withdrawal latency, when compared to the arthritis group (p < 0.05). It also attenuated the altered levels of inflammatory cytokines in arthritic rats, and significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators, when compared to the arthritis group (p < 0.05). The expressions of mRNAs of NFkB, COX-2 and iNOS also significantly decreased in arglabin-treated group, relative to the arthritis group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The anti-arthritic activity of arglabin is due to its effect on inflammatory pathway via decreases in the levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and decrease in the expressions of NFkB, COX-2 and iNOS in the synovial tissues of arthritic rats.Keywords: Arglabin, Arthritis, Freund’s complete adjuvant, Inflammatory cytokine

REDUCTION OF INTRA-ARTICULAR ADHESION BY TOPICAL APPLICATION OF DAIDZEIN FOLLOWING KNEE SURGERY IN RABBITS

Background: Intra-articular adhesion is the commonest complication that is faced by orthopedic surgeons after knee surgery. Thus, the present investigation evaluates the effect of daidzein on intra-articular adhesion in rabbits. Material and methods: All the rabbits were separated in to four different groups each group carries ten rabbits. Cancellous bone was exposed in each rabbit by removing cortical bone from both side of the femoral condyle. Following daidzein (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml) was topically applied for the duration of 10 min to the decorticated areas. Thereafter for the period of 4 week surgical limb was fixed. Effect of daidzein on intra articular adhesion was estimated by visual score through macroscopic examination, histopathology study, hydroxyproline content, fibroblast and collage density. Results: Data obtained in the study suggest that topical application of daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) loose the collagen and significantly decreases the adhesion at the decorticated areas. Moreover there were significant reduction in the fibroblast density, hydroxyproline content and optical density of collagen tissue in daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) treated group than control. Conclusion: Thus present study concludes that topical application of daidzein reduces intra-articular adhesion around the knee

Voxel2Hemodynamics: An End-to-end Deep Learning Method for Predicting Coronary Artery Hemodynamics

Local hemodynamic forces play an important role in determining the functional significance of coronary arterial stenosis and understanding the mechanism of coronary disease progression. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been widely performed to simulate hemodynamics non-invasively from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images. However, accurate computational analysis is still limited by the complex construction of patient-specific modeling and time-consuming computation. In this work, we proposed an end-to-end deep learning framework, which could predict the coronary artery hemodynamics from CCTA images. The model was trained on the hemodynamic data obtained from 3D simulations of synthetic and real datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrated that the predicted hemdynamic distributions by our method agreed well with the CFD-derived results. Quantitatively, the proposed method has the capability of predicting the fractional flow reserve with an average error of 0.5\% and 2.5\% for the synthetic dataset and real dataset, respectively. Particularly, our method achieved much better accuracy for the real dataset compared to PointNet++ with the point cloud input. This study demonstrates the feasibility and great potential of our end-to-end deep learning method as a fast and accurate approach for hemodynamic analysis.Comment: 8page

Temperature Effects and Compensation-Control Methods

In the analysis of the effects of temperature on the performance of microgyroscopes, it is found that the resonant frequency of the microgyroscope decreases linearly as the temperature increases, and the quality factor changes drastically at low temperatures. Moreover, the zero bias changes greatly with temperature variations. To reduce the temperature effects on the microgyroscope, temperature compensation-control methods are proposed. In the first place, a BP (Back Propagation) neural network and polynomial fitting are utilized for building the temperature model of the microgyroscope. Considering the simplicity and real-time requirements, piecewise polynomial fitting is applied in the temperature compensation system. Then, an integral-separated PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) control algorithm is adopted in the temperature control system, which can stabilize the temperature inside the microgyrocope in pursuing its optimal performance. Experimental results reveal that the combination of microgyroscope temperature compensation and control methods is both realizable and effective in a miniaturized microgyroscope prototype

Scene graph generation: A comprehensive survey

Deep learning techniques have led to remarkable breakthroughs in the field of object detection and have spawned a lot of scene-understanding tasks in recent years. Scene graph has been the focus of research because of its powerful semantic representation and applications to scene understanding. Scene Graph Generation (SGG) refers to the task of automatically mapping an image or a video into a semantic structural scene graph, which requires the correct labeling of detected objects and their relationships. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of recent achievements is provided. This survey attempts to connect and systematize the existing visual relationship detection methods, to summarize, and interpret the mechanisms and the strategies of SGG in a comprehensive way. Deep discussions about current existing problems and future research directions are given at last. This survey will help readers to develop a better understanding of the current researches

Case Report: Chronic hepatitis E virus Infection in an individual without evidence for immune deficiency

Chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurs mainly in immunosuppressed populations. We describe an investigation of chronic HEV infection of genotype 3a in an individual without evidence for immune deficiency who presented hepatitis with significant HEV viremia and viral shedding. We monitored HEV RNA in plasma and stools, and assessed anti-HEV specific immune responses. The patient was without apparent immunodeficiency based on quantified results of white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophilic granulocyte, CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratio, as well as total serum IgG, IgM, and IgA, which were in the normal range. Despite HEV specific cellular response and strong humoral immunity being observed, viral shedding persisted up to 109 IU/mL. After treatment with ribavirin combined with interferon, the indicators of liver function in the patient returned to normal, accompanied by complete suppression and clearance of HEV. These results indicate that HEV chronicity can also occur in individuals without evidence of immunodeficiency

Exact Monte Carlo simulation for fork-join networks

In a fork-join network each incoming job is split into K tasks and the K tasks are simultaneously assigned to K parallel service stations for processing. For the distributions of response times and queue lengths of fork-join networks, no explicit formulae are available. Existing methods provide only analytic approximations for the response time and the queue length distributions. The accuracy of such approximations may be difficult to justify for some complicated fork-join networks. In this paper we propose a perfect simulation method based on coupling from the past to generate exact realisations from the equilibrium of fork-join networks. Using the simulated realisations, Monte Carlo estimates for the distributions of response times and queue lengths of fork-join networks are obtained. Comparisons of Monte Carlo estimates and theoretical approximations are also provided. The efficiency of the sampling algorithm is shown theoretically and via simulation.</jats:p

A comparison study of decomposition mechanisms of single-cation and double-cations (Li, Al) ammine borohydrides

The decomposition mechanisms of [Li(NH 3 )][BH 4 ], [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][BH 4 ] 3 and [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][Li 2 (BH 4 ) 5 ] were investigated using Density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The calculated results show that [Li(NH 3 )][BH 4 ] has low NH 3 vacancy formation energy and diffusion barrier, therefore ammonia would easily release at relatively low temperature. Both [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][BH 4 ] 3 and [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][Li 2 (BH 4 ) 5 ] show relatively high NH 3 vacancy formation energies and diffusion barriers, which avoid ammonia release at low temperature. In addition, the calculated H 2 formation energy barriers, i.e., [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][Li 2 (BH 4 ) 5 ] \u3c [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][BH 4 ] 3 \u3c [Li(NH 3 )][BH 4 ], are in agreement with the tendency of dehydrogenation temperatures determined experimentally. The incorporation of [BH 4 ] - into [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][BH 4 ] 3 play an important role in decreasing the dehydrogenation temperature and improving the hydrogen purity of [Al(NH 3 ) 6 ][Li 2 (BH 4 ) 5 ]