Cover plants and performance of shanks depths under corn productivity

The direct sowing system is characterized by minimum soil rotation and maintenance of vegetal residues in cover. However, incorrect management excessive traffic of machines have caused the emergence of compacted layers, which can cause decrease of crop productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil parameters and maize crop yield after management with different performance depths of fertilizer shanks, associated to the cultivation of winter coverage plants, in compacted Latosol, conducted in a direct sowing system. The experiment was carried out in two agricultural years (2013/2014 and 2014/2015), in a dystroferric Red Latosol, with a very clayey texture. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with treatments arranged in the strip scheme, with two factors and four replications, totaling 32 experimental units. The main treatments were composed by the combination of four performance depths of fertilizer shank (0.065, 0.095, 0.125 and 0.150 m) in the corn sowing process and the secondary ones by the cultivation of two winter coverage plants (black oats and turnip forage). The use of coverage plants and performance depths of the shank, among themselves, did not change the parameters of soil density and porosity, in the intercrop line. The final population of plants, seedling emergence speed index and maize production components did not vary as a result of the performance depth of the shank

Conditions of use of boom sprayers in the micro-region of Pato Branco, PR, Brazil

The technical inspection of agricultural sprayers is responsible for generating important subsidies to inform and guide their users. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the working conditions of boom sprayers regarding their conservation status in order to identify the problems that interfere with quality sprayings. Sixty-three agricultural sprayers from rural properties were evaluated in the micro-region of Pato Branco, PR. Less than half of applicators (42.9%) performed some type of training and 58.7% of the operators had knowledge about the working pressure indicated by the spray tip manufacturer, but 24.3% of them were working with the pressure out of the recommended or with a damaged manometer. The manometer was present and operative in only 71.4% of the sprayers. Only 54% of the collected flows were in accordance with that informed by the operator. Most of the interviewed producers still do not have adequate criteria for choosing spray tips nor frequency of their replacement

Is there a relationship between hippocampus-dependent memory and 5-ht2a receptors? Insights from a systematic review / Há uma relação entre a memória hipocampo-dependente e receptores 5-HT2a? Insights de uma revisão sistemática

This is a systematic review with the aim of analyzing the role of 5-HT2A receptors in hippocampal-dependent memory. In order to do this, we searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and Neuron databases between October 23 and 29, 2018, using the following descriptor combinations: memory, 5-HT2A, and hippocampus, present in the title, abstract, or keywords, with no restrictions on study date or language. Following search and selection, we analyzed risk of bias, and the results were subsequently synthesized according to the experimental model. Out of 40 articles, four were included in qualitative analysis. The data indicate that the 5-HT2A receptors in the hippocampus play an important role in the memory consolidation process, although they do not interfere in the encoding or retrieval processes of these memories. Additionally, chronic use of receptor agonists in models of Alzheimer’s disease also demonstrates better performance in the object recognition tests. The action of 5-HT2A receptors has also been shown to be important to aversive memory formation, thus attributing a prominent role to these receptors in hippocampal-dependent memory processes

Histomorfometric Analysis of Duodenum of Rats Submitted to Food Stress / Análise Histomorfométrica do Duodeno de Ratos Submetidos ao Estresse Alimentar

Stress was interpreted as a nonspecific reaction of the organism to a situation that would threaten its homeostasis. Several factors in the modern world can be related to this condition: the search for a perfect body, the labor market dispute or the pressure to conquer everything as fast as possible. Associated with these factors, one can add the intense, naturally stressful, routine in which man is inserted. At the experimental level, several effects are observed at a systemic and behavioral level in rats that have been submitted to food restriction models, finding that the gastrointestinal system is quite vulnerable to stress in general. In specific cases of food stress, it was observed that the manifestations vary according to the life stage of the animal and the applied model. In this sense, the present research aims to evaluate the influence of food restriction on the intestinal tunica morphology of rats submitted to a chronic food stress model. For this, 27 animals were divided into control (n = 11) and test (n = 16) groups. From the 60 th day of life, the test group was submitted to four stages, each one being performed in one day: 1) palatable diet; 2) visual stimulation to the diet, but without access; 3) fasting; 4) standard diet of the biotery. The four steps were repeated until the animals completed 90 days. In the morphometry of the duodenum were analyzed: length, width and area of vill, as well as area of intestinal gland (Lieberkühn). Statistical inference of data showed that the applied stress model affected the morphology of the stressed group, since the intestinal villi appeared wider and with less area in this group. The villi length as well as the intestinal gland area did not undergo morphological changes. The alterations found reinforce that the fasting process acts as a stressor and a predisposing factor for morphological alterations, as observed in other studies in our laboratory. However, there are not many studies in the literature that allow the knowledge of the consequences of this type of stress. In this case, further research is needed on the relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the experimental model applied to elucidate such findings

Effects of chronic food stress on morphometry and expression of nuclear organizing regions in the adult rats hippocampus Chronic food stress on morphometry and expression of agnor in the rats hippocampus / Efeitos do estresse alimentar crônico na morfometria e expressão das regiões de organização nuclear nos ratos adultos hipocampo Testemunho crônico de alimentação sobre morfometria e expressão do agnor no hippocampus das taxas

The aim of this study was to verify the immediate and late effects of chronic food stress on the expression of Nuclear Organizing Regions (NORs) in hippocampal neurons. Twenty Wistar rats were separated into two groups: test (n = 10) and control (n = 10). Food stress started from the 60th day of life and lasted for a month. After this time the animals were anesthetized, euthanized and had their hippocampus dissected. The obtained hippocampus were histologically processed, stained by the HE technique for morphological description and by the AgNOR technique for NOR analysis. From each image the total number of neurons, the number of neurons with NOR in Dispersion (NND), the total number of NORs (NNOR), and then performed a ratio of NNOR by the total number of neurons to obtain the number Of NOR by neuron (NNN). Of the analyzed variants, the number of neurons was higher (p <0.001) in the stressed group (41.98 ± 17), when compared with the control group (33.57 ± 14). In addition, NND was also higher in the stressed group (4.523 ± 4.04) than the control group (1.4 ± 2.20) with p <0.001. Thus, we have that chronic food stress increases the number of granular neurons in the hippocampus in rats as well as increases the number of NOR in dispersion. 

Hipertensão arterial instigada por drogas: análise de indicadores de risco

This study aims to expose the main concepts about drug-induced arterial hypertension and indicate the best management of the disease. And as secondary objectives, demonstrate the drugs that can potentiate the disease and assist health professionals in making better decisions for multidisciplinary treatment. A review of articles was carried out in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Directory of Open Access Journals ( DOAJ) and PubMed, with the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): Drugs; Hypertension; Secondary. Selecting articles between the periods of 2002 and 2023, in English, Portuguese, English and Spanish, to increase the level of relevance and quality of the review. Due to these descriptions, 1029 articles were found, and the titles, abstracts and results were analyzed. Therefore, filters were used based on: containing main subjects (HAS management), availability of the broad and complete version, containing keywords, languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish and the period from 2002 to 2023. It is understood that the Hypertension is a key disease for poor therapeutic outcomes and a risk factor for several pathologies. The worldwide prevalence is indelible and the vast mortality rates overshadow medical science. In this context, drug-induced hypertension is yet another problem that requires interventions and studies to avoid future complications, such as an increase in heart disease. Cases where the drug cannot be suspended must be analyzed and alternative and precise goals and therapeutic lines must be outlined. In addition to excluding any contact with drugs of illicit origin or inappropriate substances that affect the body.Este estudio tiene como objetivo exponer los principales conceptos sobre la hipertensión arterial inducida por fármacos e indicar el mejor manejo de la enfermedad. Y como objetivos secundarios, demostrar los fármacos que pueden potenciar la enfermedad y ayudar a los profesionales de la salud a tomar mejores decisiones para un tratamiento multidisciplinario. Se realizó una revisión de artículos en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Directory of Open Access Journals ( DOAJ) y PubMed, con los siguientes Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): Medicamentos; Hipertensión; Secundario. Seleccionar artículos entre los períodos de 2002 y 2023, en inglés, portugués, inglés y español, para aumentar el nivel de relevancia y calidad de la revisión. Gracias a estas descripciones se encontraron 1029 artículos y se analizaron los títulos, resúmenes y resultados. Por lo tanto, se utilizaron filtros basados ​​en: contenido de temas principales (gestión HAS), disponibilidad de la versión amplia y completa, contenido de palabras clave, idiomas: portugués, inglés y español y el período de 2002 a 2023. Se entiende que la Hipertensión es una Enfermedad clave para malos resultados terapéuticos y factor de riesgo para varias patologías. La prevalencia mundial es indeleble y las enormes tasas de mortalidad eclipsan la ciencia médica. En este contexto, la hipertensión inducida por fármacos es un problema más que requiere intervenciones y estudios para evitar complicaciones futuras, como el aumento de enfermedades cardíacas. Se deben analizar los casos en los que no se puede suspender el fármaco y trazar objetivos y líneas terapéuticas alternativas y precisas. Además de excluir cualquier contacto con drogas de origen ilícito o sustancias inapropiadas que afecten el organismo.Esse estudo objetiva expor os principais conceitos sobre a hipertensão arterial induzida por drogas e indicar o melhor manuseio da doença. E como objetivos secundários, demonstrar as drogas que podem potencializar a doença e auxiliar os profissionais de saúde nas melhores tomadas de decisões para o tratamento multiprofissional. Foi  realizada  uma  revisão  de  artigos  nas  bases  de  dados  Medical  Literature Analysis  and  Retrievel  System  Online  (MEDLINE),  Scientific  Electronic  Library  Online (SciELO), Literatura  Latino-Americana  e  do  Caribe  em  Ciências  da  Saúde  (LILACS), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) e PubMed, com os seguintes Descritores em Ciências  da  Saúde  (DeCS): Drogas; Hipertensão; Secundária. Selecionando artigos entre os períodos de 2002 a 2023, nos idiomas Inglês, Português, Inglês e Espanhol, para ampliar o nível de relevância e a qualidade da revisão. Por  conta  dessas  descrições,  foram  encontrados  1029 artigos,  sendo  analisados os  títulos,  resumos  e  resultados.  Logo,  foram  empregados  filtros  a  partir  de:  conter assuntos  principais  (manejo  do  HAS ),  disponibilidade  da  versão  ampla  e completa, conter as palavras-chaves, idiomas:  Português, Inglês e Espanhol e período de 2002 a 2023. Entende-se que a hipertensão é uma doença pilar para desfechos terapêuticos ruins e fator de risco para várias patologias. A prevalência mundial é indelével e as vastas taxas de mortalidades ofuscam a ciência médica. Neste contexto, a hipertensão instigada por drogas é mais uma problemática que necessita de intervenções e estudos para evitar complicações futuras, como o aumento das cardiopatias. Deve-se analisar os casos onde a droga não pode ser suspensa e traçar metas e linhas terapêuticas alternativas e precisas. Além de excluir qualquer contato por drogas de origem ilícita ou substância indevida que afeta o organismo

Estudos morfológico e morfométrico do coração e da artéria aorta em ratos adultos desmamados precocemente / Morphological and morphometric studies of the heart and aorta artery in preciously weed adult rats

Objetivo: Realizar uma investigação acerca dos efeitos do desmame precoce sobre a morfologia e morfometria do coração e da artéria aorta de ratos adultos submetidos ao desmame precoce no 15° dia de vida pós-natal. Método: Foram utilizados 16 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar. Os grupos experimentais foram formados pelos grupos DP15 (desmame no 15° dia pós-natal) e C30 (desmame no 30° dia pós-natal), com o 8 ratos cada grupo. Após o desmame, os animais foram separados em gaiolas individuais e no 100° dia de vida pós-natal, foram eutanasiados através da pefusão intracardíaca. O coração e a artéria aorta foram coletados e posteriormente processados para a microscopia de luz. As análises foram realizadas a partir de fotomicrografias e do software ImageJ. Foram avaliados o número de cárdiomiócitos, a área nuclear e a espessura da aorta. Resultado: Os resultados mostraram que o desmame precoce promoveu alterações significativas nas variáveis analisadas, provocando a redução da área nuclear dos cardiomiócitos (C: 16,77µm ± 5,95; DP: 12,48µm ± 7,03), hiperplasia do miocárdio (C: 30,42µm ± 11,38; DP: 48,87µm ± 13,62), diminuição na espessura da artéria aorta (C: 168,56µm ± 46,61; DP: 113,81µm ± 28,01) (C: 130,69µm ± 40,75; DP: 81,62µm ± 19,89). Baseado em nossos resultados podemos sugerir que o desmame precoce é uma agressão perinatal capaz de provocar alterações na morfologia e morfometria do coração e da artéria aorta de ratos. 

Avaliação das boas práticas de fabricação em unidades de alimentação e nutrição escolares de Pernambuco: Evaluation of good manufacturing practices in school food and nutrition units in Pernambuco

As Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolares (UANE) têm como função primordial produzir refeições que atendam às necessidades nutricionais dos estudantes e que sejam seguras para o consumo. Para isso, faz-se necessária a realização dos procedimentos de boas práticas para serviços de alimentação, com a finalidade de garantir as condições higiênico-sanitárias do alimento preparado. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) de duas UANE de Pernambuco. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo quantitativa e qualitativa com base em um checklist de verificação de BPF, apresentando módulos preconizados na RDC n° 216/2004, para uma produção de alimentos com qualidade. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que, ambas as escolas ao serem avaliadas apresentaram um percentual acima de 90% quanto as conformidades das BPF, o que evidencia uma boa qualidade na produção das refeições das instituições de ensino