Compression Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of Pure Copper

To reveal compression deformation behavior of pure copper, the deformation characteristics of pure copper have been investigated by means of compression tests in the temperature range of 400–900°C and strain rate range of 0.001–1 s⁻¹. The results show that the flow stress of pure copper increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, which is characterized by work-hardening, dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallization, and secondary work-hardening, etc. The activation energy of hot deformation is associated with deformation temperature and strain rate, and the average activation energy is calculated to be 303.8 kJ/mol. The flow stress prediction model based on GA+BP possess, is in very good agreement with the true stress curve, which is of significance to the guidance of hot working of pure copper. The flow instability occurs in the intermediate strain rate region (0.01–0.1 s⁻¹) base on the analysis of processing map, the high power dissipation correspond to the dynamic recrystallization. Appropriate reducing the deformation temperature or increasing the strain rate is beneficial for the grain refinement in the steady-state region of the processing map

The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 x 10(-8)), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

Fibronectin immobilized by covalent conjugation or physical adsorption shows different bioactivity on aminated-PET

10.1016/j.msec.2006.03.013Materials Science and Engineering C272213-21

Inter-laboratory comparisons of hexenuronic acid measurements in kraft eucalyptus pulps using a UV-Vis spectroscopic method

An inter-laboratory comparison of a UV-Vis spectroscopic method (TAPPI T 282 om-13 “Hexeneuronic acid content of chemical pulp”) for hexeneuronic acid measurements was conducted using three eucalyptus kraft pulps. The pulp samples were produced in a laboratory at kappa numbers of approximately 14, 20, and 35. The hexeneuronic acid contents of the three pulps were approximately 55–65 μmol/g, or with a variation of approximately 15%. Five laboratories from four different countries participated in this round-robin study as part of the evaluation of the TAPPI provisional method for upgrading to a TAPPI standard method. The comparative study showed that the orders of hexeneuronic acid content from low to high among the three pulp samples produced by four laboratories were in agreement. Replicate measurements were not conducted at the laboratory that produced an inconsistent order of hexeneuronic acid among the three pulp samples compared with the other four laboratories. The differences in hexeneuronic acid contents from different laboratories were systematic and consistent; that is, some laboratories consistently produced high values of hexeneuronic acid for all three samples. The comparative data of three pulp samples concluded that the measurement repeatability (within a laboratory) was less than 3% and reproducibility (among laboratories) was less than 16%. Application: Analytical test laboratories, pulp mills, and research organizations can use the information in this paper for chemical pulp analysi

Inter-laboratory comparisons of hexenuronic acid measurements in kraft eucalyptus pulps using a UV-Vis spectroscopic method

An inter-laboratory comparison of a UV-Vis spectroscopic method (TAPPI T 282 om-13 “Hexeneuronic acid content of chemical pulp”) for hexeneuronic acid measurements was conducted using three eucalyptus kraft pulps. The pulp samples were produced in a laboratory at kappa numbers of approximately 14, 20, and 35. The hexeneuronic acid contents of the three pulps were approximately 55–65 μmol/g, or with a variation of approximately 15%. Five laboratories from four different countries participated in this round-robin study as part of the evaluation of the TAPPI provisional method for upgrading to a TAPPI standard method. The comparative study showed that the orders of hexeneuronic acid content from low to high among the three pulp samples produced by four laboratories were in agreement. Replicate measurements were not conducted at the laboratory that produced an inconsistent order of hexeneuronic acid among the three pulp samples compared with the other four laboratories. The differences in hexeneuronic acid contents from different laboratories were systematic and consistent; that is, some laboratories consistently produced high values of hexeneuronic acid for all three samples. The comparative data of three pulp samples concluded that the measurement repeatability (within a laboratory) was less than 3% and reproducibility (among laboratories) was less than 16%. Application: Analytical test laboratories, pulp mills, and research organizations can use the information in this paper for chemical pulp analysi