Large-time Behavior of Solutions to the Inflow Problem of Full Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations

Large-time behavior of solutions to the inflow problem of full compressible Navier-Stokes equations is investigated on the half line $R^+ =(0,+\infty)$. The wave structure which contains four waves: the transonic(or degenerate) boundary layer solution, 1-rarefaction wave, viscous 2-contact wave and 3-rarefaction wave to the inflow problem is described and the asymptotic stability of the superposition of the above four wave patterns to the inflow problem of full compressible Navier-Stokes equations is proven under some smallness conditions. The proof is given by the elementary energy analysis based on the underlying wave structure. The main points in the proof are the degeneracies of the transonic boundary layer solution and the wave interactions in the superposition wave.Comment: 27 page

Probabilistic collocation method for uncertainty analysis of soil infiltration in flood modelling

The probabilistic collocation method (PCM) based on the Karhunen-Loevè expansion (KLE) and Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is applied for uncertainty analysis of flood inundation modelling. The floodplain hydraulic conductivity (KS) is considered as one of the important parameters in a 2-dimensional (2D) physical model FLO-2D (with Green-Ampt infiltration method) and has a nonlinear relationship with the flood simulation results, such as maximum flow depths (hmax). In this study, due to the spatial heterogeneity of soil, log-transformed Ks was assumed a random field in spatiality with normal distribution and decomposed with KLE in pairs of corresponding eigenvalues and eigenfuctions. The hmax random field is expanded by a second-order PCE approximation and the deterministic coefficients in PCE are solved by FLO-2D. To demonstrate this method, a simplified flood inundation case was used, where the mean and variance of the simulation outputs were compared with those from direct Monte Carlo Simulation. The comparison indicates that PCM could efficiently capture the statistics of flow depth in flood modelling with much less computational requirements

Associative classifier for uncertain data

Associative classifiers are relatively easy for people to understand and often outperform decision tree learners on many classification problems. Existing associative classifiers only work with certain data. However, data uncertainty is prevalent in many real-world applications such as sensor network, market analysis and medical diagnosis. And uncertainty may render many conventional classifiers inapplicable to uncertain classification tasks. In this paper, based on U-Apriori algorothm and CBA algorithm, we propose an associative classifier for uncertain data, uCBA (uncertain Classification Based on Associative), which can classify both certain and uncertain data. The algorithm redefines the support, confidence, rule pruning and classification strategy of CBA. Experimental results on 21 datasets from UCI Repository demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields good performance and has satisfactory performance even on highly uncertain data

Impact intensities of climatic changes on grassland ecosystems in headwater areas

Rainfall and temperature are the direct driving factors that affect grassland ecosystem evolution. The study constructed the assessment model of the driving factors, temperature and rainfall, that exerted influence on the primary productivities of the grassland ecosystems in headwater areas, and used the model to quantitatively analyze the primary productivity variations of the grassland ecosystems in the headwater areas with the temperature and rainfall from those in the baseline year on the basis of the nearly forty year climatic data collected by the meteorological stations of Qumalai County, Maduo County, Yushu County and Nangqian County. The results show that over the forty-one years between 1962 and 2002, the rainfall among the climate dominated natural factors was the critical factor that caused the primary productivities of the grassland ecosystems to vary in the headwater areas. Moreover, the temperature was the limiting factor of the primary productivities of the grassland ecosystems in the headwater areas, which gently affect the primary productivities of grassland ecosystems in the headwater areas.Key words: Climatic change, headwater, grassland, ecosystem, impact intensity

Вплив введення рисових висівок на кисломолочний напій

Rice bran is an agro-industrial waste with excellent nutritional value and a considerable content of bioactive compounds. Biotransformation processes by fermented milk drink fermentation increase the interest in obtaining products from agro-industrial wastes with good biological properties. The viability of introducing rice bran (RB) into fermented milk drinks to improve the structural stability and sensory was studied. Fermented milk drink supplemented with 0, 0.1 %, 0.3 %, 0.5 %, 0.7 % amount of RB were studied. Samples were stored for 28 days at 4 ± 1 °C. Samples composition was studied, Physicochemical properties (total titratable acidity, apparent viscosity, and pH) and consumer’s acceptability of fermented milk drinks were determined at 0, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days of storage. Studies showed that rice bran wan rich in dietary fiber (28.57 %), fat (21.56 %), and protein (11.18 %). The introduction of RB showed a significant influence on these parameters (P < 0.05). The introduction of RB would significantly improve the value of titratable acidity and apparent viscosity and decrease pH value. The more rice bran was added, the higher the values of titratable acidity and apparent viscosity were. The lower the pH value was, which could shorten the fermentation time, improve the texture stability, save production cost. The storage period could significantly influence the value of titratable acidity, pH, and apparent viscosity. The longer the storage period was, the higher the titratable acidity values were, the lower the pH value was caused by the post-fermentation of fermented milk drink. The apparent viscosity showed a trend of rising first and falling then during the storage period. The introduction of RB could significantly influence the sensory characteristic (color, consistency, sour, and texture). The introduction of RB would lead to whey separation and rough structure. Fermented milk drink supplemented with 0.1 % RB showed higher sensory acceptance. The best shelf life of the sample is 14 days，during which time fermented milk drink was of the best quality. RB is a kind of raw material with bright application prospects in a fermented milk drink.Рисові висівки – це агропромислові відходи з високою харчовою цінністю та значним вмістом біоактивних сполук. Процеси біотрансформації шляхом бродіння кисломолочних напоїв підвищують інтерес до отримання продуктів з агропромислових відходів з добрими біологічними властивостями. Досліджено життєздатність введення рисових висівок (РВ) у кисломолочний напій для поліпшення структурної стабільності та чутливості. Було досліджено кисломолочний напій з добавкою РВ 0,1, 0,1 %, 0,3 %, 0,5 %, 0,7 %. Зразки зберігали 28 днів при температурі 4 ± 1 °С. Досліджено склад зразків, вивчено фізико-хімічні властивості (загальну титровану кислотність, в’язкість та рН) та можливість споживання кисломолочних напоїв на 0, 7, 14, 21 та 28 день зберігання. Дослідження показало, що рисові висівки багаті харчовими волокнами (28,57 %), жиром (21,56 %) та білком (11,18 %). Введення РВ показало значний вплив на ці параметри (Р < 0,05). При додаванні більшої кількості рисових висівок вищими були значення титрованої кислотності та видимої в’язкості, нижчим – значення рН, що може скоротити час бродіння, поліпшити стабільність текстури та заощадити витрати на виробництво. Період зберігання може істотно вплинути на значення титрованої кислотності, рН та видимої в’язкості. При збільшенні періоду зберігання підвищувалося значення титрованої кислотності, знижувався рН. Це спричинено постзброджуванням кисломолочного напою. В'язкість спочатку зростала, а потім знижувалася протягом періоду зберігання. Введення РB може суттєво вплинути на сенсорні характеристики (колір, консистенцію та текстуру). Введення РB призвело до поділу сироватки та грубої структури. Кисломолочний напій, доповнений 0,1 % РB, продемонстрував більш високе сприйняття сенсорами. Встановлено найкращий термін зберігання зразка – 14 днів, протягом яких зберігається якість кисломолочного напою. Рисові висівки – це різновид сировини з яскравою перспективою застосування у кисломолочних напоях