34,079 research outputs found
Intrinsic Charm Flavor and Helicity Content in the Proton
Contributions to the quark flavor and spin observables from the intrinsic
charm in the proton are discussed in the SU(4) quark meson fluctuation model.
Our results suggest that the probability of finding the intrinsic charm in the
proton is less than 1%. The intrinsic charm helicity is small and negative,
. The fraction of the total quark helicity
carried by the intrinsic charm is less than 2%, and c_\up/c_\dw=35/67.Comment: 4 pages, 2 tables (revised version
Quark Orbital Angular Momentum in the Baryon
Analytical and numerical results, for the orbital and spin content carried by
different quark flavors in the baryons, are given in the chiral quark model
with symmetry breaking. The reduction of the quark spin, due to the spin
dilution in the chiral splitting processes, is transferred into the orbital
motion of quarks and antiquarks. The orbital angular momentum for each quark
flavor in the proton as a function of the partition factor and the
chiral splitting probability is shown. The cancellation between the spin
and orbital contributions in the spin sum rule and in the baryon magnetic
moments is discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figures, revised version with minor eq. no and ref. no.
corrections. Discussion on the spin and a new ref. are adde
Wetting and bonding characteristics of selected liquid-metals with a high power diode laser treated alumina bioceramic
Changes in the wettability characteristics of an alumina bioceramic occasioned by high power diode laser (HPDL) surface treatment were apparent from the observed reduction in the contact angle. Such changes were due to the HPDL bringing about reductions the surface roughness, increases in the surface O2 content and increases in the polar component of the surface energy. Additionally, HPDL treatment of the alumina bioceramic surface was found to effect an improvement in the bonding characteristics by increasing the work of adhesion. An electronic approach was used to elucidate the bonding characteristics of the alumina bioceramic before and after HPDL treatment. It is postulated that HPDL induced changes to the alumina bioceramic produced a surface with a reduced bandgap energy which consequently increased the work of adhesion by increasing the electron transfer at the metal/oxide interface and thus the metal-oxide interactions. Furthermore, it is suggested that the increase in the work of adhesion of the alumina bioceramic after HPDL treatment was due to a correlation existing between the wettability and ionicity of the alumina bioceramic; for it is believed that the HPDL treated surface is less ionic in nature than the untreated surface and therefore exhibits better wettability characteristics
Monoamine oxidase-A modulates apoptotic cell death induced by staurosporine in human neuroblastoma cells
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are mitochondrial enzymes which control the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain and dietary amines in peripheral tissues via oxidative deamination. MAO has also been implicated in cell signalling. In this study, we describe the MAO-A isoform as functional in apoptosis induced by staurosporine (STS) in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Increased levels of MAO-A activity were induced by STS, accompanied by increased MAO-A protein and activation of the initiator of the intrinsic pathway, caspase 9, and the executioner caspase 3. MAO-A mRNA levels were unaffected by STS, suggesting that changes in MAO-A protein are due to post-transcriptional events. Two unrelated MAO-A inhibitors reduced caspase activation. STS treatment resulted in sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway enzymes extracellular regulated kinase, c-jun terminal kinase and p38, and depletion of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These changes were significantly reversed by MAO inhibition. Production of reactive oxygen species was increased following STS exposure, which was blocked by both MAO inhibition and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Therefore our data provide evidence that MAO-A, through its production of reactive oxygen species as a by-product of its catalytic activity on the mitochondrial surface, is recruited by the cell to enhance apoptotic signalling
Entangled two atoms through different couplings and the thermal noise
The entanglement of two atoms is studied when the two atoms are coupled to a
single-mode thermal field with different couplings. The different couplings of
two atoms are in favor of entanglement preparation: it not only makes the case
of absence entanglement with same coupling appear entanglement, but also
enhances the entanglement with the increasing of the relative difference of two
couplings. We also show that the diversity of coupling can improved the
critical temperature. If the optical cavity is leaky during the time evolution,
the dissipative thermal environment is benefit to produce the entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Very Long Baseline Array observations of the Intraday Variable source J1128+592
Short time-scale flux density variations of flat spectrum radio sources are
often explained by the scattering of radio waves in the turbulent, ionized
Interstellar Matter of the Milky Way. One of the most convincing observational
arguments in favor of this is the annual modulation of the variability
time-scale caused by the Earth orbital motion around the Sun. J1128+592 is an
IDV source with a possible annual modulation in its variability time-scale. We
observed the source in 6 epochs with the VLBA at 5, 8 and 15 GHz in total
intensity and polarization. The VLBA observations revealed an east-west
oriented core-jet structure. Its position angle agrees with the angle of
anisotropy derived from the annual modulation model. No significant long-term
structural changes were observed with VLBI on mas-scales, however, compared to
archival data, the VLBI core size is expanded. This expansion offers a possible
explanation to the observed decrease of the strength of IDV. VLBI polarimetry
revealed significant changes in the electric vector position angle and Rotation
Measure of the core and jet. Part of the observed RM variability could be
attributed to a scattering screen (37 pc distance), which covers the source
(core and jet) and which may be responsible for the IDV. Superposition of
polarized sub-components below the angular resolution limit may affect the
observed RM as well.Comment: accepted for A&A (11 pages, 11 figures
Nucleon spin-flavor structure in SU(3) breaking chiral quark model
The SU(3) symmetric chiral quark model, which describes interactions between
quarks, gluons and the Goldstone bosons, explains reasonably well many aspects
of the flavor and spin structure of the proton, except for the values of
and . Introducing the SU(3)-breaking effect
suggested by the mass difference between the strange and nonstrange quarks, we
find that this discrepancy can be removed and better overall agreement
obtained.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, 4 tables. Phys. Rev. D (in press, submitted/revised
in June/Nov 1996
Recent progress in random metric theory and its applications to conditional risk measures
The purpose of this paper is to give a selective survey on recent progress in
random metric theory and its applications to conditional risk measures. This
paper includes eight sections. Section 1 is a longer introduction, which gives
a brief introduction to random metric theory, risk measures and conditional
risk measures. Section 2 gives the central framework in random metric theory,
topological structures, important examples, the notions of a random conjugate
space and the Hahn-Banach theorems for random linear functionals. Section 3
gives several important representation theorems for random conjugate spaces.
Section 4 gives characterizations for a complete random normed module to be
random reflexive. Section 5 gives hyperplane separation theorems currently
available in random locally convex modules. Section 6 gives the theory of
random duality with respect to the locally convex topology and in
particular a characterization for a locally convex module to be
prebarreled. Section 7 gives some basic results on convex
analysis together with some applications to conditional risk measures. Finally,
Section 8 is devoted to extensions of conditional convex risk measures, which
shows that every representable type of conditional convex risk
measure and every continuous type of convex conditional risk measure
() can be extended to an type
of lower semicontinuous conditional convex risk measure and an
type of continuous
conditional convex risk measure (), respectively.Comment: 37 page
Equivalence-based Security for Querying Encrypted Databases: Theory and Application to Privacy Policy Audits
Motivated by the problem of simultaneously preserving confidentiality and
usability of data outsourced to third-party clouds, we present two different
database encryption schemes that largely hide data but reveal enough
information to support a wide-range of relational queries. We provide a
security definition for database encryption that captures confidentiality based
on a notion of equivalence of databases from the adversary's perspective. As a
specific application, we adapt an existing algorithm for finding violations of
privacy policies to run on logs encrypted under our schemes and observe low to
moderate overheads.Comment: CCS 2015 paper technical report, in progres
Profiling heteroscedasticity in linear regression models
Diagnostics for heteroscedasticity in linear regression models have been intensively investigated in the literature. However, limited attention has been paid on how to identify covariates associated with heteroscedastic error variances. This problem is critical in correctly modelling the variance structure in weighted least squares estimation, which leads to improved estimation efficiency. We propose covariateâspecific statistics based on information ratios formed as comparisons between the modelâbased and sandwich variance estimators. A twoâstep diagnostic procedure is established, first to detect heteroscedasticity in error variances, and then to identify covariates the error variance structure might depend on. This proposed method is generalized to accommodate practical complications, such as when covariates associated with the heteroscedastic variances might not be associated with the mean structure of the response variable, or when strong correlation is present amongst covariates. The performance of the proposed method is assessed via a simulation study and is illustrated through a data analysis in which we show the importance of correct identification of covariates associated with the variance structure in estimation and inference. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 358â377; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of CanadaRĂ©sumĂ©Les outils de diagnostic pour l'hĂ©tĂ©roscĂ©dasticitĂ© dans les modĂšles de rĂ©gression linĂ©aire sont largement Ă©tudiĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. Toutefois, l'identification des covariables associĂ©es aux variances hĂ©tĂ©roscĂ©dastiques n'a suscitĂ© que peu d'intĂ©rĂȘt. Ce problĂšme joue pourtant un rĂŽle clĂ© pour l'estimation par les moindres carrĂ©s pondĂ©rĂ©s, puisque la modĂ©lisation correcte de la structure de variance accroĂź t l'efficacitĂ© de l'estimation. Les auteurs proposent des statistiques spĂ©cifiques aux covariables fondĂ©es sur un ratio d'information comparant l'estimateur de la variance basĂ© sur le modĂšle Ă l'estimateur sandwich de la variance. Ils dĂ©veloppent une procĂ©dure diagnostique en deux Ă©tapes, dĂ©tectant d'abord l'hĂ©tĂ©roscĂ©dasticitĂ© et identifiant ensuite les covariables dont peut dĂ©pendre la structure de variance. Ils gĂ©nĂ©ralisent la mĂ©thode proposĂ©e afin d'accommoder des complications pratiques telles que l'absence de lien entre la structure de la moyenne et une covariable associĂ©e avec l'hĂ©tĂ©roscĂ©dasticitĂ©, ou la forte corrĂ©lation des covariables. Les auteurs Ă©valuent la performance de la mĂ©thode proposĂ©e Ă l'aide d'une Ă©tude de simulation et l'illustrent en analysant un jeu de donnĂ©es montrant l'importance d'identifier correctement les covariables associĂ©es avec la structure de variance pour l'estimation et l'infĂ©rence. La revue canadienne de statistique xx: 1â20; 2015 © 2015 SociĂ©tĂ© statistique du CanadaPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113149/1/cjs11252.pd
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