18 research outputs found
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The Internal-External Security Nexus and EU Police/Rule of Law Missions in the Western Balkans
Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) police/rule of law missions in the Western Balkans are increasingly guided by externally imposed normative agendas that respond primarily to EU internal security needs rather than functional imperatives or local realities. In line with these needs, EU police reform efforts tend to prioritise effectiveness and crime fighting over longer- term democratic policing and good governance reforms. In practice this means that police reform initiatives are technocratically oriented, yet value ridden fitting EU security concerns and needs. As a result, the police reform process can beâand often isâdisconnected from the political and socio-economic reforms necessary for long-term stability and sustainable peace. Police assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been shaped by a determined albeit questionable focus on organised crime and corruption. The focus of EU police reform in Macedonia on primarily crime-fighting aspects of policing has compromised the functioning of the Macedonian police. Similarly, the politics of (non-)recognition of Kosovo's self-proclaimed independence and the intrusiveness of EULEX Kosovo's executive mandate contravene meeting local challenges
On the Origin of Cosmic Magnetic Fields
We review the literature concerning how the cosmic magnetic fields pervading
nearly all galaxies actually got started. some observational evidence involves
the chemical abundance of the light elements Be and B, while another one is
based on strong magnetic fields seen in high red shift galaxies. Seed fields,
whose strength is of order 10^{-20} gauss, easily sprung up in the era
preceding galaxy formation. Several mechanisms are proposed to amplify these
seed fields to microgauss strengths. The standard mechanism is the Alpha-Omega
dynamo theory. It has a major difficulty that makes unlikely to provide the
sole origin. The difficulty is rooted in the fact that the total flux is
constant. This implies that flux must be removed from the galactic discs. This
requires that the field and flux be separated, for otherwise interstellar mass
must be removed from the deep galactic gravitational and then their strength
increased by the alpha omega theory.Comment: 90 pages and 6 figures; accepted for publication in Reports of
Progress in Physics as an invited revie
Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000â14 (CONCORD-3) : analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries
Background Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed
data for children (aged 0â14 years) and adults (aged 15â99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy
during 2000â14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and
morphology, in young patients (aged 0â24 years).
Methods We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3
that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0â14 years),
adolescents (15â19 years), and young adults (20â24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the
International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases
for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs,
using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by
country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age
survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the
analysis.
Findings 164563 young people were included in this analysis: 121328 (73·7%) children, 22963 (14·0%) adolescents, and
20272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010â14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28205 [68·2%] patients)
and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and
young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010â14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than
85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better
age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to â„80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than
those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to â„70% in most high-income countries in Europe,
North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000â14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently
higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young
adults in most countries.
Interpretation This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children,
adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower
survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators
of the quality of cancer management in this age group.peer-reviewe
The Reorientation in British Strategic Policy During the 1960s
In the period 1964 â 70 arguably the most significant decisions were taken in British strategic military policy in the whole post-war period. During these years, Britain narrowed its strategic focus away from a global orientation and towards a concentration upon the continent of Europe. With the aid of hindsight, such a transition appears to have been inevitable as Britain came to terms with its status as a middle-ranking European power. However, as the new Labour government came into office ..
Dynamiques européennes. Nouvel espace, nouveaux acteurs
Les Ă©checs de la construction europĂ©enne font plus de bruit que ses succĂšs. Les blocages de lâEurope sont patents et, pourtant, lâEurope avance encore, car elle sâappuie depuis le milieu du XXe siĂšcle sur une « dynamique » ou un ensemble de « dynamiques » intĂ©ressantes Ă analyser dans leur complexitĂ©. Les chercheurs qui ont contribuĂ© au prĂ©sent ouvrage ont concentrĂ© leur rĂ©flexion sur cette notion de « dynamique europĂ©enne » en scrutant une pĂ©riode dĂ©cisive, celle des annĂ©es soixante-dix et du dĂ©but des annĂ©es quatre-vingt. Avec lâĂ©largissement de la CommunautĂ© europĂ©enne, de nouveaux acteurs entrent en scĂšne, un nouvel espace se dessine, de nouveaux enjeux sâimposent. Une identitĂ© nouvelle est mĂȘme affirmĂ©e Ă la confĂ©rence de Copenhague en 1973, une identitĂ© politique communautaire, diffĂ©rente de la vieille et classique identitĂ© culturelle europĂ©enne. En outre, avec la « dĂ©tente » entre lâEst et lâOuest et le processus dâHelsinki, lâAutre Europe, celle de lâautre cĂŽtĂ© du rideau de fer, est dĂšs cette Ă©poque concernĂ©e par la dynamique dâĂ©changes intra-europĂ©ens. LâĂ©tude de ces changements dĂ©terminants, qui ont contribuĂ© Ă modeler lâEurope dâaujourdâhui, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e lors dâun colloque organisĂ© Ă Oxford, sous la direction dâĂlisabeth du RĂ©au (Ăcole doctorale « Espace europĂ©en contemporain », Paris III), dâAnne Deighton (St Anthony College, Oxford) et de Robert Frank (Institut Pierre Renouvin, Paris I), dans le cadre du vaste rĂ©seau international dâhistoriens travaillant sur « Les identitĂ©s europĂ©ennes au XXe siĂšcle »