Synergetic strengthening of layered steel sheet investigated using an in situ neutron diffraction tensile test

Synergetic strengthening induced by plastic strain incompatibility at the interface, and the resulting extra geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) generated during plastic deformation, were investigated to understand the origin of extra strength in heterogeneous structured (HS) materials. The mechanism of extra GND generation in twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP)-interstitial free (IF) steel layered sheet was quantitatively analyzed by conducting in situ neutron scattering tensile test. Load partitioning due to the different mechanical properties between the TWIP-steel core and IF-steel sheath at the TWIP/IF interface was observed during the in situ tensile testing. Because of the plastic strain incompatibility from load partitioning, extra GNDs are generated and saturate during tensile deformation. The extra GNDs can be correlated with the back-stress evolution of the HS materials, which contributes to the strength of layered materials. Because of the back-stress evolution caused by load partitioning, the strength of TWIP-IF layered steel is higher than the strength estimated by the rule-of-mixtures. This finding offers a mechanism by which extra GNDs are generated during load partitioning and shows how they contribute to the mechanical properties of HS materials.11Ysciescopu

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection versus Surgery for Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background/Aims The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for treating undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer is controversial. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the long-term outcomes of ESD and surgery for undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were used to search for relevant studies comparing ESD and surgery for undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer. The methodological quality of the included publications was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Nonrandomized Studies. The rates of overall survival, recurrence, adverse event, and complete resection were determined. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also evaluated. Results This meta-analysis enrolled five studies with 429 and 1,236 participants undergoing ESD and surgery, respectively. No significant difference was found in the overall survival rate between the ESD and surgery groups (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 0.98–5.36; p=0.06). However, ESD was associated with a higher recurrence rate and a lower complete resection rate. The adverse event rate was similar between the two groups. Conclusions ESD with meticulous surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy may be as effective and safe as surgery in patients with undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer. Further large-scale, randomized, controlled studies from additional regions are required to confirm these findings

Growth and characterization of La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 thin films for fuel cell applications

Thin films of La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 (LSM) are deposited on (1 0 0) silicon wafer and YSZ (yttria-stabilized zircornia) electrolyte substrates by magnetron sputtering using a single-phase LSM target. The conditions for sputtering are systematically studied, including substrate temperature (from room temperature to 600 degrees C), the argon background pressure (from 1.2 x 10(-2) to 3.0 x 10(-2) mbar), and deposition time. Results show that the optimal conditions for producing a dense, uniform, and crack-free LSM film include a substrate temperature of 600 degrees C and an argon pressure of 1.9 x 10(-2) mbar. Further, a testing cell with a dense LSM film, an YSZ electrolyte membrane, and a porous LSM counter electrode is prepared and the electrochemical properties of the dense LSM film on YSZ substrate are studied. It was found that the thickness, morphology, and microstructure of LSM films critically influence the electrochemical properties.close

CoCrFeMnNi 고엔트로피 합금의 준정적 및 동적 압축 변형 거동

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Low loss InP U-bend gain waveguides for hybrid integration with silicon photonics

Silicon photonics (SiPh) and photonic integrated circuits (PIC) provide an increasingly important technology platform enabling the on-chip combination of photonics and electronics [1] while offering solutions for a wide range of applications, such as high-capacity networks and sensing [2], for example. As the SiPh waveguides cannot provide gain, different integration schemes of III-V compound semiconductors gain chips are necessary to enable on-chip light generation. Hybrid integration is a solution where a diced III-V gain chip is bonded on a PIC platform [3]. This approach provides the freedom to combine a multitude of different types of III-V chips on a PIC and is also compatible with current CMOS industry as the fabrication of the III-V chip is separated from the PIC production. However, one of the challenges of hybrid integration, is the alignment of the gain chip on the PIC. For low-loss operation, sub-micron alignment precision should be reached. This, however, is in part limited by the accuracy of the current dicing systems resulting in poor dimension control and a requirement for larger alignment tolerances

A Randomized, Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of PF-72 Mixed with 0.75% Ropivacaine Hydrochloride in the Management of Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Elective Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

Background : PF-72 (TGel Bio Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea) is a type of temperature-responsive hydrogel. Methods : The eligible patients (n = 72) were randomized to either the trial group (n = 35; PF-72 mixed with 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride) or the control group (n = 37; patient-controlled anesthesia). We compared the amount of used rescue analgesics, numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores, the cumulative area under the curve (AUC0-72) of NRS pain scores and incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). We estimated time-to-events (TTEs). Results : There were significant differences in the amount of used analgesics and NRS pain scores between the two groups at 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively (P = 0.000). There were also significant differences in AUC0-6, AUC0-24, AUC0-48 and AUC0-72 of NRS pain scores between the two groups (P = 0.000). There was a significant difference in the proportion of the patients presenting with no pain between the two groups at 3, 6 and 24 hours postoperatively (P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in the incidences of TEAEs and SAEs between the two groups (P > 0.05). TTEs are estimated at 7.486 ± 2.758 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.081 ± 12.890) hr in the trial group and 9.324 ± 2.488 (95% CI 4.448 ± 14.200) hr in the control group. Conclusion : s: PF-72 mixed with 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride is an effective, safe modality in alleviating pain in the patients undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery