718 research outputs found
Spin-Orbit Coupling and Time-Reversal Symmetry in Quantum Gates
We study the effect of spin-orbit coupling on quantum gates produced by
pulsing the exchange interaction between two single electron quantum dots.
Spin-orbit coupling enters as a small spin precession when electrons tunnel
between dots. For adiabatic pulses the resulting gate is described by a unitary
operator acting on the four-dimensional Hilbert space of two qubits. If the
precession axis is fixed, time-symmetric pulsing constrains the set of possible
gates to those which, when combined with single qubit rotations, can be used in
a simple CNOT construction. Deviations from time-symmetric pulsing spoil this
construction. The effect of time asymmetry is studied by numerically
integrating the Schr\"odinger equation using parameters appropriate for GaAs
quantum dots. Deviations of the implemented gate from the desired form are
shown to be proportional to dimensionless measures of both spin-orbit coupling
and time asymmetry of the pulse.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Spin oscillations in transient diffusion of a spin pulse in n-type semiconductor quantum wells
By studying the time and spatial evolution of a pulse of the spin
polarization in -type semiconductor quantum wells, we highlight the
importance of the off-diagonal spin coherence in spin diffusion and transport.
Spin oscillations and spin polarization reverse along the the direction of spin
diffusion in the absence of the applied magnetic field are predicted from our
investigation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PR
Spin dynamics in high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems
Understanding the spin dynamics in semiconductor heterostructures is highly
important for future semiconductor spintronic devices. In high-mobility
two-dimensional electron systems (2DES), the spin lifetime strongly depends on
the initial degree of spin polarization due to the electron-electron
interaction. The Hartree-Fock (HF) term of the Coulomb interaction acts like an
effective out-of-plane magnetic field and thus reduces the spin-flip rate. By
time-resolved Faraday rotation (TRFR) techniques, we demonstrate that the spin
lifetime is increased by an order of magnitude as the initial spin polarization
degree is raised from the low-polarization limit to several percent. We perform
control experiments to decouple the excitation density in the sample from the
spin polarization degree and investigate the interplay of the internal HF field
and an external perpendicular magnetic field. The lifetime of spins oriented in
the plane of a [001]-grown 2DES is strongly anisotropic if the Rashba and
Dresselhaus spin-orbit fields are of the same order of magnitude. This
anisotropy, which stems from the interference of the Rashba and the Dresselhaus
spin-orbit fields, is highly density-dependent: as the electron density is
increased, the kubic Dresselhaus term becomes dominant and reduces the
anisotropy.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Large time existence for 3D water-waves and asymptotics
We rigorously justify in 3D the main asymptotic models used in coastal
oceanography, including: shallow-water equations, Boussinesq systems,
Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) approximation, Green-Naghdi equations, Serre
approximation and full-dispersion model. We first introduce a ``variable''
nondimensionalized version of the water-waves equations which vary from shallow
to deep water, and which involves four dimensionless parameters. Using a
nonlocal energy adapted to the equations, we can prove a well-posedness
theorem, uniformly with respect to all the parameters. Its validity ranges
therefore from shallow to deep-water, from small to large surface and bottom
variations, and from fully to weakly transverse waves. The physical regimes
corresponding to the aforementioned models can therefore be studied as
particular cases; it turns out that the existence time and the energy bounds
given by the theorem are always those needed to justify the asymptotic models.
We can therefore derive and justify them in a systematic way.Comment: Revised version of arXiv:math.AP/0702015 (notations simplified and
remarks added) To appear in Inventione
Modeling water waves beyond perturbations
In this chapter, we illustrate the advantage of variational principles for
modeling water waves from an elementary practical viewpoint. The method is
based on a `relaxed' variational principle, i.e., on a Lagrangian involving as
many variables as possible, and imposing some suitable subordinate constraints.
This approach allows the construction of approximations without necessarily
relying on a small parameter. This is illustrated via simple examples, namely
the Serre equations in shallow water, a generalization of the Klein-Gordon
equation in deep water and how to unify these equations in arbitrary depth. The
chapter ends with a discussion and caution on how this approach should be used
in practice.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, 39 references. This document is a contributed
chapter to an upcoming volume to be published by Springer in Lecture Notes in
Physics Series. Other author's papers can be downloaded at
http://www.denys-dutykh.com
Spin-current modulation and square-wave transmission through periodically stubbed electron waveguides
Ballistic spin transport through waveguides, with symmetric or asymmetric
double stubs attached to them periodically, is studied systematically in the
presence of a weak spin-orbit coupling that makes the electrons precess. By an
appropriate choice of the waveguide length and of the stub parameters injected
spin-polarized electrons can be blocked completely and the transmission shows a
periodic and nearly square-type behavior, with values 1 and 0, with wide gaps
when only one mode is allowed to propagate in the waveguide. A similar behavior
is possible for a certain range of the stub parameters even when two-modes can
propagate in the waveguide and the conductance is doubled. Such a structure is
a good candidate for establishing a realistic spin transistor. A further
modulation of the spin current can be achieved by inserting defects in a
finite-number stub superlattice. Finite-temperature effects on the spin
conductance are also considered.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure
AR and MA representation of partial autocorrelation functions, with applications
We prove a representation of the partial autocorrelation function (PACF), or
the Verblunsky coefficients, of a stationary process in terms of the AR and MA
coefficients. We apply it to show the asymptotic behaviour of the PACF. We also
propose a new definition of short and long memory in terms of the PACF.Comment: Published in Probability Theory and Related Field
Quantifying atmospheric nitrogen deposition through a nationwide monitoring network across China
A Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) containing 43 monitoring sites was established in China to measure gaseous NH3, NO2, and HNO3 and particulate NH4+ and NO3â in air and/or precipitation from 2010 to 2014. Wet/bulk deposition fluxes of Nr species were collected by precipitation gauge method and measured by continuous-flow analyzer; dry deposition fluxes were estimated using airborne concentration measurements and inferential models. Our observations reveal large spatial variations of atmospheric Nr concentrations and dry and wet/bulk Nr deposition. On a national basis, the annual average concentrations (1.3â47.0 ÎŒg N mâ3) and dry plus wet/bulk deposition fluxes (2.9â83.3 kg N haâ1 yrâ1) of inorganic Nr species are ranked by land use as urban > rural > background sites and by regions as north China > southeast China > southwest China > northeast China > northwest China > Tibetan Plateau, reflecting the impact of anthropogenic Nr emission. Average dry and wet/bulk N deposition fluxes were 20.6 ± 11.2 (mean ± standard deviation) and 19.3 ± 9.2 kg N haâ1 yrâ1 across China, with reduced N deposition dominating both dry and wet/bulk deposition. Our results suggest atmospheric dry N deposition is equally important to wet/bulk N deposition at the national scale. Therefore, both deposition forms should be included when considering the impacts of N deposition on environment and ecosystem health
Anisotropy of the orbital methods and the magnetic dipole term in : An {\it ab-initio} studt
A systematic study is performed by the {\it ab-initio} density functional
theory of the anisotropy of the orbital moments in bulk . Two different band-structure techniques are
used (FLAPW and LMTO-ASA), and the electronic correlations are treated by the
local-spin-density approximation (LSDA), the LSDA+ orbital polarization method,
and the LSDA+ method. The calculated anisotropies of are
very large compared to Fe, Ni and Co but still a factor of 5 and 2 smaller than
the anisotropies obtained from a recently suggested analysis of the X-ray
magnetic circular dichroism spectra for a thick layer of
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