Different Absorption from the Same Sharing: Sifted Multi-task Learning for Fake News Detection

Recently, neural networks based on multi-task learning have achieved promising performance on fake news detection, which focus on learning shared features among tasks as complementary features to serve different tasks. However, in most of the existing approaches, the shared features are completely assigned to different tasks without selection, which may lead to some useless and even adverse features integrated into specific tasks. In this paper, we design a sifted multi-task learning method with a selected sharing layer for fake news detection. The selected sharing layer adopts gate mechanism and attention mechanism to filter and select shared feature flows between tasks. Experiments on two public and widely used competition datasets, i.e. RumourEval and PHEME, demonstrate that our proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance and boosts the F1-score by more than 0.87%, 1.31%, respectively.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, EMNLP 201

Genome-wide identification, expression and function analysis of the MTP gene family in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana)

Currently, soil heavy metal contamination is a severe issue, particularly with Cd pollution. The metal tolerance protein (MTP) proteins, as plant divalent cation transporters, play a crucial role in the transport and tolerance of heavy metals in plants. This study conducted comprehensive identification and characterization of the MTP gene family in the tulip. A total of 11 TgMTP genes were identified and phylogenetically classified into three subfamilies. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses unveiled commonalities and variations among subfamily members. Expression profiling demonstrated several TgMTPs were markedly upregulated under Cd exposure, including the TgMTP7.1. Heterologous expression in yeast validated that TgMTP7.1 could ameliorate Cd sensitivity and enhance its tolerance. These results provide primary insights into the MTP gene family in tulip. Phylogenetic relationships and functional analyses establish a framework for elucidating the transporters and molecular mechanisms governing Cd accumulation and distribution in tulip. Key TgMTPs identified, exemplified by TgMTP7.1, may illuminate molecular breeding efforts aimed at developing Cd-tolerant cultivars for the remediation of soil Cd contamination

Microstructure and mechanical properties of directionally solidified alloys of Mg-9Zn-2Y

Samples of directionally solidified Mg-9Zn-2Y alloys have been obtained using vacuum induced directional solidification equipment. The metallographic structures and mechanical properties at room and high temperatures of the directionally solidified alloys have been investigated and compared with those of conventional casting alloys. The structures have consisted of columnar crystals with a specific orientation, and the parallel phases near the grain boundaries and inside the grains have quasi-crystals of I-Mg3Zn6Y. At room temperature, the maximum compressive resistance and section expansion ratio of the directionally solidified alloys have been 54 and 31% higher, respectively, than those of the conventional casting alloys. The peak stress of the directionally solidified alloys has found 238 MPa, which is 57% higher than that of the conventional casting alloys (152 MPa) at 200 C with a strain rate of 0.1 s-1. In addition, the peak stress was 140 MPa at 300 C with a strain rate of 0.1s-1, while it was only 84 MPa for the conventional casting alloys. Therefore, the directionally solidified alloys has higher strength and plasticity at room temperature and improved mechanical properties at a high temperature

Microstructure and mechanical properties of directionally solidified alloys of Mg-9Zn-2Y

573-578Samples of directionally solidified Mg-9Zn-2Y alloys have been obtained using vacuum induced directional solidification equipment. The metallographic structures and mechanical properties at room and high temperatures of the directionally solidified alloys have been investigated and compared with those of conventional casting alloys. The structures have consisted of columnar crystals with a specific orientation, and the parallel phases near the grain boundaries and inside the grains have quasi-crystals of I-Mg3Zn6Y. At room temperature, the maximum compressive resistance and section expansion ratio of the directionally solidified alloys have been 54 and 31% higher, respectively, than those of the conventional casting alloys. The peak stress of the directionally solidified alloys has found 238 MPa, which is 57% higher than that of the conventional casting alloys (152 MPa) at 200 °C with a strain rate of 0.1 s-1. In addition, the peak stress was 140 MPa at 300 °C with a strain rate of 0.1s-1, while it was only 84 MPa for the conventional casting alloys. Therefore, the directionally solidified alloys has higher strength and plasticity at room temperature and improved mechanical properties at a high temperature

Comparative Study Reveals Insights of Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) Coping With Phosphate-Deprived Stress Condition

Sheepgrass [Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel] is a valuable forage plant highly significant to the grassland productivity of Euro-Asia steppes. Growth of above-ground tissues of L. chinensis is the major component contributing to the grass yield. Although it is generally known that this species is sensitive to ecosystem disturbance and adverse environments, detailed information of how L. chinensis coping with various nutrient deficiency especially phosphate deprivation (-Pi) is still limited. Here, we investigated impact of Pi-deprivation on shoot growth and biomass accumulation as well as photosynthetic properties of L. chinensis. Growth inhibition of Pi-deprived seedlings was most obvious and reduction of biomass accumulation and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was 55.3 and 63.3%, respectively, compared to the control plants grown under Pi-repleted condition. Also, we compared these characters with seedlings subjected to low-Pi stress condition. Pi-deprivation caused 18.5 and 12.3% more reduction of biomass and Pn relative to low-Pi-stressed seedlings, respectively. Further analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence and thylakoid membrane protein complexes using 2D-BN/SDS-PAGE combined with immunoblot detection demonstrated that among the measured photosynthetic parameters, decrease of ATP synthase activity was most pronounced in Pi-deprived plants. Together with less extent of lipid peroxidation of the thylakoid membranes and increased ROS scavenger enzyme activities in the leaves of Pi-deprived seedlings, we suggest that the decreased activity of ATP synthase in their thylakoids is the major cause of the greater reduction of photosynthetic efficiency than that of low-Pi stressed plants, leading to the least shoot growth and biomass production in L. chinensis

Emissive Platinum(II) Cages with Reverse Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Multiple Sensing

It is quite challenging to realize fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two chromophores with specific positions and directions. Herein, through the self-assembly of two carefully selected fluorescent ligands via metal-coordination interactions, we prepared two tetragonal prismatic platinum(II) cages with a reverse FRET process between their faces and pillars. Bearing different responses to external stimuli, these two emissive ligands are able to tune the FRET process, thus making the cages sensitive to solvents, pressure, and temperature. First, these cages could distinguish structurally similar alcohols such as n-butanol, t-butanol, and i-butanol. Furthermore, they showed decreased emission with bathochromic shifts under high pressure. Finally, they exhibited a remarkable ratiometric response to temperature over a wide range (223–353 K) with high sensitivity. For example, by plotting the ratio of the maximum emission (I600/I480) of metallacage 4b against the temperature, the slope reaches 0.072, which is among the highest values for ratiometric fluorescent thermometers reported so far. This work not only offers a strategy to manipulate the FRET efficiency in emissive supramolecular coordination complexes but also paves the way for the future design and preparation of smart emissive materials with external stimuli responsiveness

See How You Read? Multi-Reading Habits Fusion Reasoning for Multi-Modal Fake News Detection

The existing approaches based on different neural networks automatically capture and fuse the multimodal semantics of news, which have achieved great success for fake news detection. However, they still suffer from the limitations of both shallow fusion of multimodal features and less attention to the inconsistency between different modalities. To overcome them, we propose multi-reading habits fusion reasoning networks (MRHFR) for multi-modal fake news detection. In MRHFR, inspired by people's different reading habits for multimodal news, we summarize three basic cognitive reading habits and put forward cognition-aware fusion layer to learn the dependencies between multimodal features of news, so as to deepen their semantic-level integration. To explore the inconsistency of different modalities of news, we develop coherence constraint reasoning layer from two perspectives, which first measures the semantic consistency between the comments and different modal features of the news, and then probes the semantic deviation caused by unimodal features to the multimodal news content through constraint strategy. Experiments on two public datasets not only demonstrate that MRHFR not only achieves the excellent performance but also provides a new paradigm for capturing inconsistencies between multi-modal news