A Novel Energy-Efficient Approach for Human Activity Recognition

In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient approach for mobile activity recognition system (ARS) to detect human activities. The proposed energy-efficient ARS, using low sampling rates, can achieve high recognition accuracy and low energy consumption. A novel classifier that integrates hierarchical support vector machine and context-based classification (HSVMCC) is presented to achieve a high accuracy of activity recognition when the sampling rate is less than the activity frequency, i.e., the Nyquist sampling theorem is not satisfied. We tested the proposed energy-efficient approach with the data collected from 20 volunteers (14 males and six females) and the average recognition accuracy of around 96.0% was achieved. Results show that using a low sampling rate of 1Hz can save 17.3% and 59.6% of energy compared with the sampling rates of 5 Hz and 50 Hz. The proposed low sampling rate approach can greatly reduce the power consumption while maintaining high activity recognition accuracy. The composition of power consumption in online ARS is also investigated in this paper

Prognostic Value of CD166 Expression in Cancers of the Digestive System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Many studies have reported the prognostic predictive value of CD166 as a cancer stem cell marker in cancers of the digestive system; however, its predictive value remains controversial. Here, we investigate the correlation between CD166 positivity in digestive system cancers and clinicopathological features using meta-analysis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A comprehensive search in PubMed and ISI Web of Science through March of 2013 was performed. Only articles containing CD166 antigen immunohistochemical staining in cancers of the digestive system were included,including pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Data comparing 3- and 5-year overall survival along with other clinicopathological features were collected.</p><p>Results</p><p>Nine studies with 2553 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included for the analysis. The median rate of CD166 immunohistochemical staining expression was 56% (25.4%–76.3%). In colorectal cancer specifically, the results of a fixed-effects model indicated that CD166-positive expression was an independent marker associated with a smaller tumor burden (T category; RR = 0.93, 95%, CI: 0.88–0.98) but worse spread to nearby lymph nodes (N category; RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.30). The 5-year overall survival rate was showed relationship with cytoplasmic positive staining of CD166 (RR = 1.47 95% 1.21–1.79), but no significant association was found in the pool or any other stratified analysis with 3- or 5- year overall survival rate.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Based on the published studies, different cellular location of CD166 has distinct prognostic value and cytoplasmic positive expression is associated with worse prognosis outcome. Besides, our results also find CD166 expression indicate advanced T category and N-positive status in colorectal cancer specifically.</p></div

Results of meta-analysis on CD166 expression.

a<p>PC:pancretic cancer, EC: esophageal cancer, GC: gastric cancer, CRC: colorectal cancer.</p>b<p>median of followup time among all studies included.</p>c<p>median of sample size among all studies included.</p

Flow chart for the selection of articles to include.

<p>Flow chart for the selection of articles to include.</p

CD166 stratified on staining pattern and 5-year overall survival rate in digestive cancer patients.

<p>CD166 stratified on staining pattern and 5-year overall survival rate in digestive cancer patients.</p

Characteristics of included studies.

<p>CA: cancer; H: high expression; L: low expression; NA:not available; TMA: tissue microarray.</p>*<p>data read by GetData Graph Digitizer.</p

<i>β-catenin</i> Overexpression in the Nucleus Predicts Progress Disease and Unfavourable Survival in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>β-catenin</i> plays a key role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its prognostic significance for patients with CRC remains controversial.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>Identical search strategies were used to search relevant literatures in the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. The correlation between <i>β-catenin</i> expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed.</p><p>Principal Findings</p><p>A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, which comprised 3665 cases. Meta-analysis suggested that <i>β-catenin</i> overexpression in the nucleus was significantly associated with disease free survival (DFS) (n = 541 in 3 studies; HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.28–2.71; Z = 3.26; P = 0.001) and overall survival (OS) for CRC patients (n = 2630 in 10 studies; HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12–2.14; Z = 2.62; P = 0.009). However, there was no significant association between <i>β-catenin</i> expression in the cytoplasm and OS (n = 1327 in 3 studies; HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.88–1.24, Z = 0.46, P = 0.643). The combined odds ratio (OR) of <i>β-catenin</i> in the nucleus indicated that <i>β-catenin</i> overexpression was associated with advanced stage CRC (n = 950 in 7 studies; OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.94; Z = 2.35; P = 0.019) and metastasis of CRC (n = 628 in 5 studies; OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.96, Z = 2.06, P = 0.039). <i>β-catenin</i> overexpression in the nucleus had no correlation with the tumor site (colon or rectum), differentiation grade, lymph node status or depth of invasion. The pooled ORs were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.41–2.91, Z = 0.18, P = 0.856), 1.27(95% CI: 0.76–2.10, Z = 0.92, P = 0.357), 0.71(95% CI: 0.46–1.09, Z = 1.58, P = 0.115) and 0.82(95% CI: 0.4–1.68, Z = 0.53, P = 0.594).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study showed that <i>β-catenin</i> overexpression in the nucleus, rather than in the cytoplasm, appeared to be associated with progress disease and a worse prognosis for CRC patients.</p></div

Forrest plot of hazard ratio for the association of <i>β-catenin</i> expression in the nucleus with overall survival by subgroup analysis.

<p>A. Subgroup analysis was performed by study location B. Subgroup analysis was performed by evaluation standards.</p

Meta-analysis of <i>β-catenin</i> expression in the nucleus.

<p>REM, random-effects model; FEM, fixed-effects model; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p