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Identifying idiolect in forensic authorship attribution: an n-gram textbite approach
Forensic authorship attribution is concerned with identifying authors of disputed or anonymous documents, which are potentially evidential in legal cases, through the analysis of linguistic clues left behind by writers. The forensic linguist “approaches this problem of questioned authorship from the theoretical position that every native speaker has their own distinct and individual version of the language [. . . ], their own idiolect” (Coulthard, 2004: 31). However, given the diXculty in empirically substantiating a theory of idiolect, there is growing concern in the Veld that it remains too abstract to be of practical use (Kredens, 2002; Grant, 2010; Turell, 2010). Stylistic, corpus, and computational approaches to text, however, are able to identify repeated collocational patterns, or n-grams, two to six word chunks of language, similar to the popular notion of soundbites: small segments of no more than a few seconds of speech that journalists are able to recognise as having news value and which characterise the important moments of talk. The soundbite oUers an intriguing parallel for authorship attribution studies, with the following question arising: looking at any set of texts by any author, is it possible to identify ‘n-gram textbites’, small textual segments that characterise that author’s writing, providing DNA-like chunks of identifying material
DIRBE Minus 2MASS: Confirming the CIRB in 40 New Regions at 2.2 and 3.5 Microns
With the release of the 2MASS All-Sky Point Source Catalog, stellar fluxes
from 2MASS are used to remove the contribution due to Galactic stars from the
intensity measured by DIRBE in 40 new regions in the North and South Galactic
polar caps. After subtracting the interplanetary and Galactic foregrounds, a
consistent residual intensity of 14.69 +/- 4.49 kJy/sr at 2.2 microns is found.
Allowing for a constant calibration factor between the DIRBE 3.5 microns and
the 2MASS 2.2 microns fluxes, a similar analysis leaves a residual intensity of
15.62 +/- 3.34 kJy/sr at 3.5 microns. The intercepts of the DIRBE minus 2MASS
correlation at 1.25 microns show more scatter and are a smaller fraction of the
foreground, leading to a still weak limit on the CIRB of 8.88 +/- 6.26 kJy/sr
(1 sigma).Comment: 25 pages LaTeX, 10 figures, 5 tables; Version accepted by the ApJ.
Includes minor changes to the text including further discussion of zodiacal
light issues and the allowance for variable stars in computing uncertainties
in the stellar contribution to the DIRBE intensitie
A Third Planet Orbiting HIP 14810
We present new precision radial velocities and a three-planet Keplerian orbit
fit for the V = 8.5, G5 V star HIP 14810. We began observing this star at Keck
Observatory as part of the N2K Planet Search Project. Wright et al. (2007)
announced the inner two planets to this system, and subsequent observations
have revealed the outer planet planet and the proper orbital solution for the
middle planet. The planets have minimum masses of 3.9, 1.3, and 0.6 M_Jup and
orbital periods of 6.67, 147.7, and 952 d, respectively. We have numerically
integrated the family of orbital solutions consistent with the data and find
that they are stable for at least 10^6 yr. Our photometric search shows that
the inner planet does not transit.Comment: ApJL, accepte
Ab initio determination of an extended Heisenberg Hamiltonian in CuO2 layers
Accurate ab initio calculations on embedded Cu_4O_{12} square clusters,
fragments of the La_2CuO_4 lattice, confirm a value of the nearest neighbor
antiferromagnetic coupling (J=124 meV) previously obtained from ab initio
calculations on bicentric clusters and in good agreement with experiment. These
calculations predict non negligible antiferromagnetic second-neighbor
interaction (J'=6.5 meV) and four-spin cyclic exchange (K=14 meV), which may
affect the thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of these materials. The
dependence of the magnetic coupling on local lattice distortions has also been
investigated. Among them the best candidate to induce a spin-phonon effect
seems to be the movement of the Cu atoms, changing the Cu-Cu distance, for
which the variation of the nearest neighbor magnetic coupling with the Cu-O
distance is {\Delta J}/{\Delta d_{Cu-O}}\sim 1700 cm^{-1} A^{-1}.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
A hot Jupiter orbiting the 1.7 Msun Subgiant HD102956
We report the detection of a giant planet in a 6.4950 day orbit around the
1.7 Msun subgiant HD102956. The planet has a semimajor axis a = 0.081 AU and
minimum mass Msini = 0.96 Mjup. HD102956 is the most massive star known to
harbor a hot Jupiter, and its planet is only the third known to orbit within
0.6 AU of a star more massive than 1.5 Msun. Based on our sample of 137
subgiants with M* > 1.45 Msun we find that 0.5-2.3% of A-type stars harbor a
close-in planet (a 1 Mjup, consistent with hot-Jupiter
occurrence for Sun-like stars. Thus, the paucity of planets with 0.1 < a/AU <
1.0 around intermediate-mass stars may be an exaggerated version of the "period
valley" that is characteristic of planets around Sun-like stars.Comment: ApJL, 721, L153. Title changed because ApJL does not publish papers
that are part of a serie
A Document Analysis of Leadership Language That Enhances Family-School Collaboration in Efforts to Narrow the Achievement Gap
Complex problems such as the achievement gap need to be presented to all the stakeholders in the school community to utilize their combined expertise. This requires a specific language to encourage all the stakeholders in the process. Effective leaders achieve this through the principles of transformative leadership by communicating in a way that motivates, challenges, and encourages cooperation. This qualitative comparative case study utilized a document analysis to understand the barriers and solutions to family–school collaboration and leadership solutions to narrow the achievement gap in a highly resourced district. This district recently passed an equity initiative that called for the consistent collection and examination of the critical criterion that improves family and community engagement (see Appendix A, p. 5). Seattle University (SU) student researchers compared the District Annual Strategic Plan and two Elementary School Improvement Plans (belonging to the highest- and lowest-performing elementary schools, based on test scores) to determine their congruence, compare their practices to the literature documenting the achievement gap, and assess the leadership language of these documents. The researchers coded for autocratic leadership language that works against family–school collaboration and transformative leadership language that supports family–school collaboration. They triangulated their findings to identify recommendations at the individual building and district level regarding the use of leadership language in documents and outlining improvement efforts to close the achievement gap as it relates to the relevant literature
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