A Passion for the Oppressed

This Special Issue is in honor of Shelton H. Davis, one of the pioneers in anthropological advocacy of indigenous rights and a major contributor to the elaboration of socially and environmentally sound development policies at the World Bank

Sentinels and Entrepreneurs: Advocacy and Development in Brazil

This article discusses, firstly, the significance of Sandy Davis’ activism for the international indigenous support movement from the 1970s through the late 1980s, and the strategies that were deployed during the global campaign in support of the Yanomami Indian Park. Secondly, it looks critically at some of the models of support for indigenous peoples being implemented in Brazil today, for the purpose of understanding what has changed in the ways indigenous support organizations develop partnerships with indigenous movements. What has changed in the way indigenous and indigenist organizations in Brazil understand their goals and the means for attaining them? What are some of the advances and the shortcomings of current ‘sustainable development projects’ implemented in the Amazon region ? The idea here is to bring constructive criticism to bear on indigenist approaches in the Northwest Amazon of Brazil, an area where I have done field and archival research since 1976. Este artigo discute, primeiramente, o significado do ativismo de Shelton “Sandy” Davis para o movimento de apoio aos povos indígenas desde os anos de 1970 até o final dos anos 80, principalmente as estratėgias empregadas a favor da criação do Parque Indígena Yanomami. Em segundo lugar, analiso de maneira crítica alguns dos modelos de apoio aos povos indígenas implementados no Brasil atualmente. O que tem mudado nas maneiras em que as organizações indigenistas não-governamentais entendam os seus objetivos e os meios para alcançá-los ? Quais são alguns dos mais importantes avanços e problemas nos projetos desenvolvimentistas sendo implementados na Amazônia hoje ? A ideia aqui é de levantar algumas críticas construtivas sobre as abordagens atualmente implementadas no Noroeste do Brasil, na região do Alto Rio Negro, e principalmente na área dos povos Baniwa, com quem tenho trabalhado desde os ano de 1976

Ethnology and Indigenism in the Brazilian Northwest Amazon

Article review of De Volta ao Lago de Leite. Lasmar, Cristiane. Sao Paulo: Edusp/ISA/NuTI. 2005. 285 pp., illustrations, maps, references. RS37,00 (paper). ISBN 85-7139-621-3. [www.editoraunesp.com.br]. Cidade do Indio. Andrello, Geraldo, Sao Paulo: Edusp/ISA/NuTI 2006.445 pp., illustrations, map, tables, references, R$54,00. (paper) ISBN: 85-7139-659-0.[www.editoraunesp.com.br

Cubeo Hehenawa Religious Thought. Metaphysics of a Northwestern Amazonian People

Book review of Cubeo Hehenawa Religious Thought. Metaphysics of a Northwestern Amazonian People. Irving Goldman. Edited by Peter J. Wilson. Afterword by Stephen Hugh-Jones. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. xlv + 438 pp., glossary, references, index. ISBN 0-231-13021-X

Critical Transformational Learning in the Post-Postmodern World

We examine the modernist underpinnings of traditional adult learning and development theories and evaluate elements of those theories through more contemporary lenses. Drawing upon recent “public pedagogy” literature, we argue that much learning takes place outside of formal educational institutions. We look beyond modernist narratives to consider the possible implications for critical adult learning occurring in and through contemporary fragmented, digital, media-saturated culture

Gene Expression Associated with Disease Resistance and Long-Term Growth in a Reef-Building Coral

Rampant coral disease, exacerbated by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors, threatens reefs worldwide, especially in the Caribbean. Physically isolated yet genetically connected reefs such as Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) may serve as potential refugia for degraded Caribbean reefs. However, little is known about the mechanisms and trade-offs of pathogen resistance in reef-building corals. Here, we measure pathogen resistance in Montastraea cavernosa from FGBNMS. We identified individual colonies that demonstrated resistance or susceptibility to Vibrio spp. in a controlled laboratory environment. Long-term growth patterns suggest no trade-off between disease resistance and calcification. Predictive (pre-exposure) gene expression highlights subtle differences between resistant and susceptible genets, encouraging future coral disease studies to investigate associations between resistance and replicative age and immune cell populations. Predictive gene expression associated with long-term growth underscores the role of transmembrane proteins involved in cell adhesion and cell-cell interactions, contributing to the growing body of knowledge surrounding genes that influence calcification in reef-building corals. Together these results demonstrate that coral genets from isolated sanctuaries such as FGBNMS can withstand pathogen challenges and potentially aid restoration efforts in degraded reefs. Furthermore, gene expression signatures associated with resistance and long-term growth help inform strategic assessment of coral health parameters

Resistance Training as Therapeutic Management in Women with PCOS: What is the Evidence?

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 840-854, 2021. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common chronic endocrinopathy and the leading cause of infertility in women, has significant clinical consequences, including cardiovascular, endocrinological, oncological, and psychological co-morbidities. Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of PCOS recommend exercise and physical activity as first-line treatment to combat chronic disease risk. However, details about what type of exercise are not provided. Given the known beneficial effects of resistance training on the management of other chronic diseases, the purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the scientific evidence about the physical and psychosocial effects of resistance training among women with PCOS. Studies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases. Peer-reviewed research studies published between January 2011 and January 2021 that evaluated a resistance training intervention for premenopausal women with PCOS were included. Studies that offered multi-component programs were excluded. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria of which seven were sub-studies of one larger clinical trial. One article reported findings from a small randomized controlled trial and the last article reported feasibility study findings. Each intervention yielded positive results across a wide range of outcome variables; however, the studies had small sample sizes and assessed different outcome variables. Evidence regarding the effects of resistance training on health outcomes for women with PCOS is positive but preliminary. Adequately powered clinical trials are required to confirm health benefits, answer research questions as to therapeutic dose, and discover behavioral strategies to promote resistance training for therapeutic management

Benthic communities of the lower mesophotic zone on One Tree shelf edge, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Context: Increasing interest in mesophotic coral ecosystems has shown that reefs in deep water show considerable geomorphic and ecological variability among geographic regions. Aims: We provide the first investigation of mesophotic reefs at the southern extremity of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to understand the biotic gradients and habitat niches in the lower mesophotic zone. Methods: Multibeam data were used to target five benthic imagery transects collected in the lower mesophotic (80–130 m) zone from the shelf edge near One Tree Island (23°S, 152°E) by using a single HD-SDI subsea camera. Key results: Transects supported similar benthic communities in depths of 80–110 m, with the abundance of sessile benthos declining below ~110 m where the shelf break grades into the upper continental slope. Conclusions: The effect of the Capricorn Eddy may be promoting homogeneity of benthic assemblages, because it provides similar environmental conditions and potential for connectivity. Variation in benthic communities between hard and soft substrate and differing topographic relief within the study site are likely to be influenced by variation in sedimentation, including sensitivity to suspended particles. Implications: This study highlighted that the lower mesophotic region on the One Tree shelf edge supports mesophotic coral ecosystems that vary depending on depth and substrate