115,715 research outputs found
Poverty, Minorities, and Respect for Law
Students spend most of their waking hours with their teachers and peers, who are considered to be the significant others, that influence their learning motivation and school life. Whether a student likes to go to school or not, whether she can adjust in school and engage in all learning activities, whether she can get good grades or fail depend not only on herself, but on the significant others. In this study, the aim is to find out how and in what ways teachers and peers influence adolescents in their academic life. Forty-one articles were reviewed to discuss around four research questions: What kinds of influences do peers have on adolescents in the academic context? In what ways do teachers’ high expectations affect the students? What kind of teacher-student relationships do students perceive in order to have positive attitudestowards school and have satisfying outcomes? What aspects in adolescents’ academic life are influenced by teachers’ self-efficacy? Teachers and peers are important motivators in students’ academic life. When the school, teacher and parents are aware of the influences from peers and teachers, they are given a chance to improve the factors involved so that students can learn best in a supportive atmosphere and environment
Dynamical evolution of star forming regions - II. Basic kinematics
We follow the dynamical evolution of young star-forming regions with a wide
range of initial conditions and examine how the radial velocity dispersion,
, evolves over time. We compare this velocity dispersion to the
theoretically expected value for the velocity dispersion if a region were in
virial equilibrium, and thus assess the virial state
() of these systems. We find that in regions that
are initially subvirial, or in global virial equilibrium but subvirial on local
scales, the system relaxes to virial equilibrium within several million years,
or roughly 25 - 50 crossing times, according to the measured virial ratio.
However, the measured velocity dispersion, , appears to be a bad
diagnostic of the current virial state of these systems as it suggests that
they become supervirial when compared to the velocity dispersion estimated from
the virial mass, . We suggest that this discrepancy is caused
by the fact that the regions are never fully relaxed, and that the early
non-equilibrium evolution is imprinted in the one-dimensional velocity
dispersion at these early epochs. If measured early enough (2 Myr in our
simulations, or 20 crossing times), the velocity dispersion can be used
to determine whether a region was highly supervirial at birth without the risk
of degeneracy. We show that combining , or the ratio of to the
interquartile range (IQR) dispersion, with measures of spatial structure,
places stronger constraints on the dynamical history of a region than using the
velocity dispersion in isolation.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
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