5,652 research outputs found
The formation of young B/PS bulges in edge-on barred galaxies
We report about the fact that the stellar population that is born in the gas
inflowing towards the central regions can be vertically unstable leading to a
B/PS feature remarkably bluer that the surrounding bulge. Using new
chemodynamical simulations we show that this young population does not remain
as flat as the gaseous nuclear disc and buckles out of the plane to form a new
boxy bulge. We show that such a young B/PS bulge can be detected in colour
maps.Comment: 2 pages, 5 figures, to appear in IAU Symposium 245, Formation and
Evolution of Galaxy Bulges, M. Bureau, E. Athanassoula, and B. Barbuy (eds.),
Oxford, 16-20 July 200
American public opinion about gun control remained polarized and politicized in the wake of the Sandy Hook mass shooting
Despite rhetoric to the contrary, Congress took little action to restrict gun ownership in the wake of the tragic school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut in December 2012. Why was no real action taken, when the national mood seems so in favor of such measures? In new research which analyses public opinion polling on gun control, Kevin H. Wozniak finds that support and opposition for stricter gun control laws is split along partisan lines. He argues that this split helped lead to legislative gridlock in Congress on the issue, with legislators responding to views of their constituents, not to the overall will of the public
Disc galaxies with multiple triaxial structures. II. JHK surface photometry and numerical simulations
We present detailed JHK surface photometry with ellipse fits of 13 galaxies
selected from previous optical observations as likely candidates for having a
secondary bar or a triaxial bulge within the primary bar. We have found 7
double-barred galaxies, 3 double-barred galaxies with an additional
intermediate structure with twisted isophotes, and 3 galaxies with a bar and
central twisted isophotes. A global analysis of the structural parameter
characteristics in the I- and K-bands is presented. Various numerical models of
galaxies with bars within bars are also analysed using the ellipse fitting
technique and compared to the observations. A thorough review of the possible
hypotheses able to explain this phenomenon is given with emphasis on the most
likely ones.Comment: 12 pages, AATEX. Accepted for publication in A&A. Large color
postscript figures omitted (Figs. 1), figures 2-9 included; gzip'ed
postscript files of the paper and Figs. 1 available via anonymous ftp at
ftp://obsftp.unige.ch/pub/fri/aasjhk/ , files fri_aasjhk.ps.gz and ngc*.ps.g
Triple Bars and Complex Central Structures in Disk Galaxies
We present an analysis of ground-based and HST images of three early-type
barred galaxies. The first, NGC 2681, may be the clearest example yet of a
galaxy with three concentric bars. The two other galaxies were previously
suggested as triple-barred. Our analysis shows that while NGC 3945 is probably
double-barred, NGC 4371 has only one bar; but both have intriguing central
structures. NGC 3945 has a large, extremely bright disk inside its primary bar,
with patchy dust lanes, a faint nuclear ring or pseudo-ring within the disk,
and an apparent secondary bar crossing the ring. NGC 4371 has a bright nuclear
ring only marginally bluer than the surrounding bulge and bar. There is no
evidence for significant dust or star formation in either of these nuclear
rings. The presence of stellar nuclear rings suggests that the centers of these
galaxies are dynamically cool and disklike.Comment: LaTeX: 6 pages, 3 figures, uses emulateapj.sty. Accepted by
Astrophysical Journal Letters. Version with full-resolution figures available
at: http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~erwin/research
Photometric and dynamic evolution of an isolated disc galaxy simulation
We present a detailed analysis of the evolution of a simulated isolated disc
galaxy. The simulation includes stars, gas, star formation and simple chemical
yields. Stellar particles are split in two populations: the old one is present
at the beginning of the simulation and is calibrated according to various ages
and metallicities; the new population borns in the course of the simulation and
inherits the metallicity of the gas particles. The results have been calibrated
in four wavebands with the spectro-photometric evolutionary model GISSEL2000
(Bruzual & Charlot 1993). Dust extinction has also been taken into account. A
rest-frame morphological and bidimensional photometric analysis has been
performed on simulated images, with the same tools as for observations. The
effects of the stellar bar formation and the linked star formation episode on
the global properties of the galaxy (mass and luminosity distribution, colours,
isophotal radii) have been analysed. In particular, we have disentangled the
effects of stellar evolution from dynamic evolution to explain the cause of the
isophotal radii variations. We show that the dynamic properties (e.g. mass) of
the area enclosed by any isophotal radius depends on the waveband and on the
level of star formation activity. It is also shown that the bar isophotes
remain thinner than mass isodensities a long time (> 0.7 Gyr) after the maximum
of star formation rate. We show that bar ellipticity is very wavelength
dependent as suggested by real observations. Effects of dust extinction on
photometric and morphological measurements are systematically quantified.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures (13 in eps, 3 in jpg format). Accepted for
publication in A&
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