11 research outputs found
Characteristic trajectories of generalized Lanchester equations
http://archive.org/details/characteristictr00wozeN
On distributed wargaming in operational C2-systems using object-oriented programming languages
Distributed War Gaming (DWG) is the interactive simulation of military
systems employing their command and control (C') - systems and the data
processing capabilities of their headquarters. Using land-warfare as an
example, a conceptual framework for the development of DWG-systems is provided
which is based on the utilization of object-oriented software systems. In
contrast to traditional software, these systems invoke the transformation of
data by messages between objects which specify the transformation to be performed
by the addressed object. When defining the system to be modelled, the
analyst needs to be concerned with the reaction of individual objects to local
messages only. The dynamics of complex systems are the results of the propagation
of local messages to its individual elements.
Based on a brief descripton of the basic principles behind object-oriented
languages, a classification of objects and their attributes in a land-wargame
is discussed and a definition of object behaviors is illustrated. Eight basic
types of messages for a DWG and their formats are proposed, as is an algorithm
for the synchronizaton of distributed simulations in DWG.
Object-oriented software systems are judged to have potential for facilitating
evolution in military software development. Their use in DWG could, in
the long run, alleviate the problem of model acceptability. Thus, the development
of prototype DWG-systems is proposed for feasibility testing and for the
development of a strategy for the evolution of operational DWG-systems.The research work reported herein was funded by Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency, 1400 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22209,
Project No. N0001484WR24187 for the Chief of Naval Research, Code 512,
Arlington, VA 22217.http://archive.org/details/ondistributedwar00hubeN0001484WR2418
The context of child sexual abuse, and points of departure
This chapter sets out the context of child sexual abuse and marks out several points of departure from which the rest of the book proceeds. It first defines the concept of child sexual abuse. Then, it reviews the best literature on the prevalence of child sexual abuse both generally, and in specific contexts, around the world. It reviews other important epidemiological features, referring to evidence about gender, age of onset, the relationship between those who inflict abuse and the child, frequency of offending, factors influencing offending, and theories of offending. It notes the common health and behavioural consequences of child sexual abuse. Significantly, it then reviews literature on the common non-disclosure of child sexual abuse by both girls and boys: a critical feature of this context. The chapter than shows that the gravity of child sexual abuse should be and is recognised in international policy and in most social norms. An appropriately nuanced approach is then urged, in recognition of a spectrum of cases that demand appropriately differentiated responses. Finally, the chapter explains that the book also proceeds on the basis that in any civilised society, individuals, institutions and broader social systems and nation states have a deep ethically-based duty to prevent and identify child sexual abuse, and to respond appropriately to it after it occurs. These ethical duties are consistent with bodies of political and public health theory, the Capabilities Approach, and human dignity informing the book’s entire conceptual approach