55 research outputs found

    Évaluation de la productivitĂ© en gomme de Sterculia setigera Del. en fonction du diamĂštre et de l'Ă©tat de l'arbre

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    Sterculia setigera Del. est bien connue en Afrique subsaharienne comme espĂšce Ă  multiples usages et en particulier pour l’importance Ă©conomique de sa gomme. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la station expĂ©rimentale de Kantindi est une contribution Ă  la valorisation de S. setigera au Togo. Elle a Ă©valuĂ© la capacitĂ© de production de gomme de S. setigera en fonction du diamĂštre et de l’état du pied. La saignĂ©e des arbres a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e du 1er au 5 avril 2014 sur 40 pieds seins non brulĂ©s et 12 pieds brulĂ©s de circonfĂ©rence g ? 90 cm. La rĂ©colte de la gomme est intervenue trois semaines plus tard, le 30 avril. La valeur moyenne de gomme exsudĂ©e sur les pieds prĂ©cĂ©demment brulĂ©s est supĂ©rieure Ă  celle des arbres sains, respectivement 103,25 ± 68,54 g et 64,44 ± 35,32 g. La quantitĂ© de gomme exsudĂ©e augmente suivant la circonfĂ©rence. MĂȘme si la productivitĂ© moyenne en gomme est plus grande sur les pieds brulĂ©s que les pieds non brulĂ©s, les tests statistiques montrent qu’il n’existe pas de diffĂ©rence significative (p = 0,095). Par contre, une diffĂ©rence significative s’observe en fonction de la circonfĂ©rence du pied (p = 0,047). Des Ă©tudes complĂ©mentaires examineront les mĂ©thodes quantitative et qualitative de production de gomme, les techniques de production des pĂ©piniĂšres et de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. Mots clĂ©s : Sterculia setigera, gomme, production, circonfĂ©rence, Togo.Sterculia setigera Del. is well-known in Sub-Saharan Africa as a multipurpose tree species, especially due to the economic value of its gum. The present study carried out in the Kantindi experimental station was a contribution to the valorisation of S. setigera in Togo. It sought to appraise the gum yield capacity of S. setigera according to stem girth and target trees’ status. Trees tapping were realized on forty bearings non-burnt and twelve burnt trees with a girth equal or greater than 90 cm. Trees were tapped from 1 to 5 April 2014 and the harvest-time occurred three weeks later, 30th April 2014. The mean value of gum exudate from trees early burnt is higher than those obtained from non-burnt trees, respectively 103.25 ± 68.54 g and 64.44 ± 35.32 g. It increases with an increase in diameter. Even thought, the mean gum yield seems greater on burnt trees than non-burnt trees; the statistic tests showed no significant difference (p = 0.095). In contrast there is a significant difference according to the variation of tree diameter (p = 0.047). Expectation studies will scrutinize both quantitatively and qualitatively methods of gum tapping, nursery, and regeneration techniques. Key words: Sterculia setigera, gum, yield, tree diameter, ecosystem services, Togo

    Use and management of medicinal plants among the Moba in the prefecture of Tone in Togo

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    Background and research objectives: Finding sustainable management options for the local communities that depend on medicinal plants is crucial in the face of human pressure on these plants. This study contributes to the sustainable management of medecinal plants in Togo. It aims to censusing medecinal plants and pathologies and identify the endogenous sustainable management strategies for medicinal plants in the Moba ethnic group of Togo. Methods: Data was collected through semi-structured ethnobotanical individual interviews with 50 traditional healers, recorded on a Microsoft Excel 10 spreadsheet and processed with the Sphinx5V software and the Microsoft Excel 10 table. Results: 166 medicinal plants were reported in the treatment of 91 pathologies dominated by dysmenorrhoea, stomachache, wounds, general and chronic asthenia, and infantile umbilical hernia. The most represented botanical families were: the Poaceae (12), the Combretaceae (10), and the Euphorbiaceae (10), Caesalpiniaceae (8), and Mimosaceae (7). The most important species according to the Species Importance Value Index (IVIsp) are: Vitellaria paradoxa (159.59), Parkia biglobosa (145.94), Securidaca longipedunculata (145.12), Diospyros mespiliformis (133.51), Annona senegalensis (123.88), Khaya senegalensis (110.52), Cymbopogon proximus (106.88), Cymbopogon giganteus (102.03), Zanthozylum zanthoxyloides (99.005). The most used plant parts are roots (18.6 %), leaves (17.85 %), bark of the trunk (16.66 %), the whole plant (14.28 %) and the fruits (12.30 %). Endogenous management strategies for medicinal plants include in situ protection in fields, reforestation, and respect for totemic trees, groves and sacred forests

    Plantes et prise en charge de la santĂ© maternelle dans la rĂ©gion Maritime du Togo : Plants and mother’s healthcare in the Maritime Region of Togo

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    Contexte et objectifs. La santĂ© maternelle demeure un problĂšme de santĂ© majeur dans les pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a : (i) inventoriĂ© les divers maux bĂ©nins de la santĂ© maternelle ; (ii) recensĂ© les plantes utilisĂ©es dans la prise en charge de ces troubles ; (iii) dĂ©crit les diverses formes d’usages des plantes utilisĂ©es et (iv) Ă©valuĂ© la variation des connaissances d’usages suivant le sexe, l’ñge et l’ethnie. MĂ©thodes. Des enquĂȘtes ethnobotaniques couplĂ©es aux observations de terrain ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es dans la rĂ©gion Maritime du Togo en milieu rural auprĂšs des populations rurales. L’analyse des donnĂ©es s’est basĂ©e sur les frĂ©quences (Fr), les valeurs d’usages (VU), les indices de diversitĂ© d’usage (IDU), les indices de valeurs d’importance d’usage (IVIU) et l’indice de Sorenson (IS). RĂ©sultats. Une florule de 127 espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales dont 126 plantes rĂ©parties en 112 genres et 57 familles et un champignon a Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ©e. Les Euphorbiaceae, les Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, les Asteraceae et les Leguminosae-Papilionoideae sont les familles les plus signalĂ©es dans la prise en charge de 37 affections. Conclusion. A l’issue de cette Ă©tude, plus d’une centaine de plantes utilisĂ©es dans les pathologies maternales et fƓtales a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©e. Cependant, l’évaluation de l’efficacitĂ© ainsi que des tests toxicologiques sont nĂ©cessaires pour une meilleure valorisation des plantes rapportĂ©es. Context and objectives. Maternal healthcare remain a major health problem in developing countries. The present study (i) inventoried various benign conditions of maternal health, (ii) identified plant species used in the management of these conditions, (iii) described the various types of use of these plants, and (iv) evaluated the levels of knowledge on the use of plant species in the care of the pregnant and nursing women according to the gender, age and ethnic group. Methods. Semi-structured interviews coupled to field observations were carried out in the Maritime region of Togo among local populations. Data analysis was based on the computation of relative frequencies (Fr), the use values (UV), the diversity use index (DUI), the index of important use values (IIUV) and the Sorenson index (SI). RĂ©sultats. A flower of 127 plan species including 126 plants divided into 112 genera and 57 families and one fungus has been reported Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Asteraceae and Leguminosae-Papilionoideae were mostly used in the management of 37 conditions. Conclusion. This study identified more than one hundred plants species used in women‘s health-related disorders. Additional studies, including efficacy and toxicological tests are needed for better to promote these folk medicine practices

    Évaluation de la productivitĂ© en gomme de Sterculia setigera Del. en fonction du diamĂštre et de l'Ă©tat de l'arbre

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    Sterculia setigera Del. est bien connue en Afrique subsaharienne comme espĂšce Ă  multiples usages et en particulier pour l’importance Ă©conomique de sa gomme. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la station expĂ©rimentale de Kantindi est une contribution Ă  la valorisation de S. setigera au Togo. Elle a Ă©valuĂ© la capacitĂ© de production de gomme de S. setigera en fonction du diamĂštre et de l’état du pied. La saignĂ©e des arbres a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e du 1er au 5 avril 2014 sur 40 pieds seins non brulĂ©s et 12 pieds brulĂ©s de circonfĂ©rence g ? 90 cm. La rĂ©colte de la gomme est intervenue trois semaines plus tard, le 30 avril. La valeur moyenne de gomme exsudĂ©e sur les pieds prĂ©cĂ©demment brulĂ©s est supĂ©rieure Ă  celle des arbres sains, respectivement 103,25 ± 68,54 g et 64,44 ± 35,32 g. La quantitĂ© de gomme exsudĂ©e augmente suivant la circonfĂ©rence. MĂȘme si la productivitĂ© moyenne en gomme est plus grande sur les pieds brulĂ©s que les pieds non brulĂ©s, les tests statistiques montrent qu’il n’existe pas de diffĂ©rence significative (p = 0,095). Par contre, une diffĂ©rence significative s’observe en fonction de la circonfĂ©rence du pied (p = 0,047). Des Ă©tudes complĂ©mentaires examineront les mĂ©thodes quantitative et qualitative de production de gomme, les techniques de production des pĂ©piniĂšres et de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. Mots clĂ©s : Sterculia setigera, gomme, production, circonfĂ©rence, Togo.Sterculia setigera Del. is well-known in Sub-Saharan Africa as a multipurpose tree species, especially due to the economic value of its gum. The present study carried out in the Kantindi experimental station was a contribution to the valorisation of S. setigera in Togo. It sought to appraise the gum yield capacity of S. setigera according to stem girth and target trees’ status. Trees tapping were realized on forty bearings non-burnt and twelve burnt trees with a girth equal or greater than 90 cm. Trees were tapped from 1 to 5 April 2014 and the harvest-time occurred three weeks later, 30th April 2014. The mean value of gum exudate from trees early burnt is higher than those obtained from non-burnt trees, respectively 103.25 ± 68.54 g and 64.44 ± 35.32 g. It increases with an increase in diameter. Even thought, the mean gum yield seems greater on burnt trees than non-burnt trees; the statistic tests showed no significant difference (p = 0.095). In contrast there is a significant difference according to the variation of tree diameter (p = 0.047). Expectation studies will scrutinize both quantitatively and qualitatively methods of gum tapping, nursery, and regeneration techniques. Key words: Sterculia setigera, gum, yield, tree diameter, ecosystem services, Togo

    Ethnobotanical value of Khaya senegalensis for populations bordering Atacora mountains in Togo

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    An Ethnobotanical study of the species Khaya senegalensis was conducted in 2015 on Atacora mountains in the ecological zone II of Togo. Its general objective is to contribute to valorization of the species K. senegalensis and aims specifically to (i) evaluate the knowledge on the uses of the species and (ii) determine the interethnic convergence for uses of different parts of the species. The data collection is based on semi-structured ethnobotanical surveys by focus groups with 200 people from 5 ethnic groups. The parts of K. senegalensis used are bark, wood, leaves, and roots with bark being the most cited use (99.0%). These plant parts are used especially in traditional medicine for the treatment of 34 diseases and symptoms. The difference in average number of uses of the parts of the species is significant at the level of the ethnic groups (P = 0.000), age groups (P = 0.003) and gender (P = 0.040). The level of knowledge of the uses of the species is higher among ethnic groups Tem, Lamba, KabyĂš and Tamberma. The study emphasizes the importance of ethnobotanical use value to improve sustainable management of this economically important species for its timber production

    Parcs Agroforestiers et séquestration du carbone en zone tropicale soudanienne du Togo

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    The aims of this research was to estimate total carbon stock of the agroforestry system in the Sudanese tropical region of Togo. Physical measurements (height, diameter, and tree density) of trees in major agroforestry parklands were carried out on random quadrat (900 m2) samples. The total biomass carbon stock was computed following the tropical dry area allometric equation as suggested by Brown (1997). Results showed that recorded total carbon stock in agroforestry systems species in the study zone was 81.2 t ha?1 with Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa, Sterculia setigera and Vitelaria paradoxa tree species respectively accumulated 34.7 t ha-1, 20.1 t ha-1, 8.4 t ha-1, and 3.9 t ha-1. The A. digitata parkland (mature one) has shown the highest total carbon stock (16.9 t ha-1), whereas the low values occurred in young parkland (0.23 t ha-1). Among the five parklands of the study zone, high carbon stock accumulated in Diameter at Brest Height (DBH) class ranging from [0-10] to [30-40]. The agroforestry system in the study zone could contribute to improving the functionality of the whole ecosystem by its substantial capacity to sequester carbon. In the context of reducing global warming with the objective to improve country income through the green and clean mechanism of ecosystems; agroforestry systems could be efficiently promoted by adhering to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation project (REDD+) and to clean development mechanism (CDM). Keywords: Agroforestry, above-below ground biomass, carbon stock, TogoLa recherche vise Ă  estimer le stock de carbone total du systĂšme agroforestier dans la rĂ©gion tropicale soudanienne du Togo. Les mesures physiques (hauteur, diamĂštre et densitĂ© des arbres) des arbres dans les principaux parcs agroforestiers ont Ă©tĂ© obtenues par un Ă©chantillonnage alĂ©atoire du quadrat (900 m2). Le stock de carbone de la biomasse totale a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ© en utilisant l’équation allomĂ©trique adaptĂ©e aux rĂ©gions tropicales sĂšches suggĂ©rĂ©e par Brown (1997). L’étude a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que le stock total de carbone mobilisĂ© par les espĂšces des systĂšmes agroforestiers s’élĂšve Ă  81,2 t ha-1, tandis que les espĂšces d’Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa, Sterculia setigera et Vitelaria paradoxa accumulent respectivement 34,7 t ha-1, 20,1 t ha-1, 8,4 t ha-1 et 3,9 t ha-1. Le parc d’A. Digitata (mature) a prĂ©sentĂ© le stock de carbone total le plus Ă©levĂ© (16,9 t ha-1) alors que les faibles valeurs ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans de jeunes parcs (0,23 t ha-1). Parmi les cinq parcs de la zone d’étude, un stock de carbone Ă©levĂ© est accumulĂ© dans les classes de DHP (DiamĂštre Ă  Hauteur de Poitrine) allant de [0-10] Ă  [30-40]. Le systĂšme agroforestier dans la zone d’étude pourrait contribuer Ă  amĂ©liorer la fonctionnalitĂ© de l’ensemble de l’écosystĂšme grĂące Ă  sa capacitĂ© substantielle de sĂ©questration du carbone. Dans le contexte de rĂ©duction du rĂ©chauffement climatique mis en Ɠuvre afin d’amĂ©liorer les revenus nationaux grĂące Ă  un mĂ©canisme Ă©cosystĂ©mique Ă©cologique et propre, les systĂšmes agroforestiers pourraient ĂȘtre efficacement promus en adhĂ©rant aux exigences de la REDD + et aux mĂ©canismes de dĂ©veloppement propre. Mots clĂ©s: Agroforesterie, biomasse Aero-souterraine, stock de carbone, Tog

    Pathologies animales et leurs impacts sur l'économie des éleveurs de la région des savanes du Togo

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    The practice of the breeding is more widespread in the Savannahs Region of Togo where it remains a significant source of food and income for households. The present study carried out in the Savannahs Region between 2 November 2012 to 28 January 2013 had evaluated the economic impact induce by animal pathologies. Socio-economic information were gathered through semi-structured, individual interviews of 35 breeders, coupled to field observations. A total of 210 informants, in majority men (78 %), pertaining to 8 ethnic groups were surveyed. Twenty seven (27) animal pathologies including 15 illness for the small ruminants, 15 for the bovines, 10 for chickens, and 8 for guinea fowls were identified. The annual losses induced by these pathologies to stockbreeder were estimated at 20 000 FCFA for the pigeons, 138 915 FCA for guinea fowls, 83 704 FCFA for chickens, 21 837 FCFA for the goats, 46 025 FCFA for the sheep, 49 140 FCFA for the pigs, and 490 000 FCFA for the cows. A better dealt of these pathologies would increase the incomes of the stockbreeders of 57 % for the pigeons, 52 % for guinea fowls and 25 % for chickens.  Keywords: Breeding, diseases, losses, area of Savannas, Togo.La pratique de l’élevage est plus rĂ©pandue dans la rĂ©gion des Savanes au Togo oĂč elle demeure une importante source de revenus et d’alimentation des mĂ©nages. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la rĂ©gion des Savanes entre 02 novembre 2012 et 28 janvier 2013 a Ă©valuĂ© l’impact socioĂ©conomique des affections animales dans cette rĂ©gion. Des enquĂȘtes socioĂ©conomiques ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es auprĂšs 35 Ă©leveurs. Elles ont consistĂ© en des interviews semi-structurĂ©es, individuelles, couplĂ©es Ă  des observations de terrain. Vingt-sept (27) affections animales ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es dont 15 affections pour les petits ruminants, 15 pour les bovins, 10 pour les poules et 8 pour la pintade. Les pertes annuelles induites par pathologies par Ă©leveur ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es Ă  20 000 FCFA pour les pigeons, 138 915 FCA pour les pintades, 83 704 FCFA pour les poules, 21 837 FCFA pour les chĂšvres, 46025 FCFA pour les moutons, 49 140 FCFA pour les porcs et 490 000 FCFA pour les bƓufs. Une meilleure prise en charge de ces pathologies augmenterait les revenus des Ă©leveurs de 57 % pour les pigeons, 52 % pour la pintade et 25 % pour la poule. Mots-clĂ©s: Élevage, maladies, pertes, rĂ©gion des Savanes, Togo. &nbsp

    Distribution et démographie des parcs à rÎniers dans la Région des Savanes du Togo

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    Context and background:The roast palm parklands remain one of the most striking elements of the Savannah region of Togo. Given the importance of this resource for the local population, knowledge of their diversity and demographic structure is necessary for better management of roast palm plant communities throughout the Savannah region of Togo.Goal and objectives:The study carried out in the region of Savannahs of Togo contributes to the sustainable management of agroforestry parklands in Togo. It aims at: (i) mapping of the spatial distribution of Borassus species (Borassus aethiopum and Borassus akeassi) and (ii) characterize the diversity and the demographic structure of roast palm parklands in the Savannah Region of Togo.Methodology:Forest inventories were done within roast palm agroforestry parklands within plots 50 m X 50 m. Based on these inventories, diversity and dendrometry characteristics of the target parklands determined. Mapping consisted of the spatialization of densities by the interpolation.Results:B. aethiopum is mostly represented than B. akeassii found which is found punctually in a few locations. Roast palms parkland diversity was estimated to 23 plant species belonging to 21 genera and 14 families. Three (3) roast palm parklands were discriminated: mixed parks, B. aethiopum parks, and B. akeassii parks. The most represented families are: the Arecaceae (61 %) and the Sapotaceae (13 %). There is the dominance of mesophanerophytes (76 %) and transition species, Guineo-Congolese/Sudano-Zambezian. B. aethiopum mean diameter is 47.91 ± 1.54 cm, with a basal area and density 6.98 ± 2.33 mÂČ/ha and 29.33 ± 1.66 stems/ha respectively. B. akeassii mean diameter is about 42.45 ± 1.61 cm with a basal area and mean density 3.43 ± 1.77 mÂČ/ha and 18.5 ± 1.66 stems/ha respectively. Both the two target species mean regeneration rate is 61.29 %

    Valeur ethnobotanique de l’espùce, Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss (meliaceae) auprùs des populations riveraines de la chaüne de l'Atacora au Togo

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    An Ethnobotanical study of the species Khaya senegalensis was conducted in 2015 on Atacora mountains in the ecological zone II of Togo. Its general objective is to contribute to valorization of the species K. senegalensis and aims specifically to (i) evaluate the knowledge on the uses of the species and (ii) determine the interethnic convergence for uses of different parts of the species. The data collection is based on semi-structured ethnobotanical surveys by focus groups with 200 people from 5 ethnic groups. The parts of K. senegalensis used are bark, wood, leaves, and roots with bark being the most cited use (99.0%). These plant parts are used especially in traditional medicine for the treatment of 34 diseases and symptoms. The difference in average number of uses of the parts of the species is significant at the level of the ethnic groups (P = 0.000), age groups (P = 0.003) and gender (P = 0.040). The level of knowledge of the uses of the species is higher among ethnic groups Tem, Lamba, KabyĂš and Tamberma. The study emphasizes the importance of ethnobotanical use value to improve sustainable management of this economically important species for its timber production. Keywords: Khaya senegalensis, ethnobotanical, Atacora mountains, Togo.Une Ă©tude ethno-botanique de l’espĂšce Khaya senegalensis a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2015 sur la chaĂźne de l’Atacora de la zone Ă©cologique II au Togo. Elle a pour objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de contribuer Ă  la valorisation de l’espĂšce K. senegalensis et vise spĂ©cifiquement Ă  (i) Ă©valuer les connaissances des usages de l’espĂšce et (ii) dĂ©terminer la convergence d’usage inter-ethnique des diffĂ©rentes parties de l’espĂšce. La collecte des donnĂ©es est basĂ©e sur des enquĂȘtes ethno-botaniques semi-structurĂ©es par focus groupes auprĂšs de 200 personnes appartenant Ă  5 ethnies. Les parties de K. senegalensis utilisĂ©es sont l’écorce, le bois, les feuilles et les racines avec les Ă©corces comme l’usage le plus citĂ© (99,0 %). Ses organes sont utilisĂ©s surtout en mĂ©decine traditionnelle dans le traitement de 34 maladies et symptĂŽmes. La diffĂ©rence en nombre moyen d’usage des organes de l’espĂšce est significative au niveau des ethnies (P= 0,000), des classes d’ñge (P= 0,003) et du genre (P= 0,040). Le niveau de connaissance des usages de l’espĂšce est plus Ă©levĂ© chez les ethnies Tem, Lamba, KabyĂš et Tamberma. L’étude met l’accent sur l’importance de la valeur d’usage ethno-botanique pour amĂ©liorer le statut de gestion durable de cette espĂšce Ă©conomiquement importante pour sa production en bois d’Ɠuvre. Mots-clĂ©s: Khaya senegalensis, ethno-botanique, chaĂźne de l’Atacora, Togo. &nbsp
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