4,296 research outputs found
Strong Structural Controllability of Systems on Colored Graphs
This paper deals with structural controllability of leader-follower networks.
The system matrix defining the network dynamics is a pattern matrix in which a
priori given entries are equal to zero, while the remaining entries take
nonzero values. The network is called strongly structurally controllable if for
all choices of real values for the nonzero entries in the pattern matrix, the
system is controllable in the classical sense. In this paper we introduce a
more general notion of strong structural controllability which deals with the
situation that given nonzero entries in the system's pattern matrix are
constrained to take identical nonzero values. The constraint of identical
nonzero entries can be caused by symmetry considerations or physical
constraints on the network. The aim of this paper is to establish graph
theoretic conditions for this more general property of strong structural
controllability.Comment: 13 page
Capitalization of Central Government Grants into Local House Prices
We explore the impact of central government grants on local house prices in England using a panel data set of local authorities (LAs) from 2001 to 2008. Electoral targeting of grants to LAs by the incumbent national government provides an exogenous source of variation in grants that we exploit to identify their causal effect on house prices. Our results indicate substantial or even full capitalization. We also find that house prices respond more strongly in locations in which new construction is constrained by physical barriers. Our results imply that (i) during our sample period grants were largely used in a way that is valued by the marginal homebuyer and (ii) increases in grants to a LA may mainly benefit the typically better off property owners (homeowners and absentee landlords) in that LA.
The impact of supply constraints on house prices in England
We explore the impact of different types of supply constraints on House prices in England by exploiting a unique panel dataset of 353 local planning authorities ranging from 1974 to 2008. Using exogenous variation from a policy reform, vote shares and historical density to identify the endogenous constraints-measures, we find that: i) Regulatory constraints have a substantive positive impact on the house price-earnings elasticity; ii) The effect of constraints due to scarcity of developable land is largely confined to highly urbanised areas; iii) Uneven topography has a quantitatively less meaningful impact; and iv) The effects of supply constraints are greater during boom than bust periods
The impact of supply constraints on house prices in England
We test the theoretical prediction that house prices respond more strongly to changes in local earnings in places with tight supply constraints using a unique panel dataset of 353 Local Planning Authorities in England between 1974 and 2008. Exploiting exogenous variation from a policy reform, vote shares and historical density to identify the endogenous constraints‐measures, we find that: regulatory constraints have a substantive positive impact on the house price‐earnings elasticity; the effect of constraints due to scarcity of developable land is largely confined to highly urbanised areas; and uneven topography has a quantitatively less meaningful impact
Why are house prices in London so high?
Strict regulation is affecting supply in the South East's property market, argue Christian Hilber and Wouter Vermeule
Fluctuating Nonlinear Spring Model of Mechanical Deformation of Biological Particles
We present a new theory for modeling forced indentation spectral lineshapes
of biological particles, which considers non-linear Hertzian deformation due to
an indenter-particle physical contact and bending deformations of curved beams
modeling the particle structure. The bending of beams beyond the critical point
triggers the particle dynamic transition to the collapsed state, an extreme
event leading to the catastrophic force drop as observed in the force
(F)-deformation (X) spectra. The theory interprets fine features of the
spectra: the slope of the FX curves and the position of force-peak signal, in
terms of mechanical characteristics --- the Young's moduli for Hertzian and
bending deformations E_H and E_b, and the probability distribution of the
maximum strength with the strength of the strongest beam F_b^* and the beams'
failure rate m. The theory is applied to successfully characterize the
curves for spherical virus particles --- CCMV, TrV, and AdV
Magneto-optic contact for application in an amplifying waveguide optical isolator
We present the development of a metal-semiconductor contact for a TM-mode amplijying waveguide optical isolator and show that it is a compromise between good (magneto-)optical performance and good electrical behavior
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