ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ СПІВІСНУВАННЯ КОЗАЦЬКИХ ХРИСТИЯНСЬКИХ СПІЛЬНОТ

Поява рецензованої книги професора В.А. Брехуненка засвідчує, що козакознавчі студії в Україні піднялися на якісно новий рівень. Для цього поступу склалися об’єктивні умови, найпомітнішим серед яких був «сплеск» зацікавленості українських істориків до даної проблематики українських істориків від часу проголошення незалежності України. Як зауважує автор наукової монографії В.А. Брехуненко, осторонь від цього процесу не перебували також російська й західна історична наука. Історик пояснює підвищення зацікавленості європейців до козацької історії прагненням з’ясувати «межі європейського світу» та зрозуміти сутність явищ, які до нього були дотичними, співіснували в європейському просторі. Вивчення моделей взаємин різних суспільних спільнот складають для європейців прагматичний інтерес для побудови відносин із сусідами. Козаки ж стали уособленням перехресних цивілізаційних впливів з обох боків Степового Кордону. Для автора наукового дослідження важливим відправним пунктом у цих взаєминах виступає християнська складова козацьких спільнот: їх типологія, дослідження ґенези, етнічні, релігійні компоненти, взаємовпливи, стосунки з владними структурами, ментальні особливості, врешті, еволюція та історична доля – все це варте уваги професійних істориків. Професор В. Брехуненко має підстави для висловлення власної позиції та певних оціночних суджень, адже є визнаним фахівцем з козацької проблематики. Заявлені в «Передньому слові» монографії завдання відображають власні напрацювання автора, «науковий статок» історика, його розуміння ваги питання

Recommendations for Psychological Interventions in Rheumatologic Rehabilitation

Psychologische Interventionen stellen einen wichtigen Bestandteil der medizinischen Rehabilitation der Deutschen Rentenversicherung dar. Sie zielen bei erwerbsfähigen Rehabilitanden ebenso wie alle anderen therapeutischen Leistungen auf die Befähigung zur Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben ab. Bei rheu-matologischen Erkrankungen werden von psychologischer Seite insbesondere die Themen der Krank-heits- und Schmerzbewältigung in Einzel- und Gruppengesprächen aufgegriffen. Mit der Krankheit einhergehende chronische Schmerzen oder auch Folgeerscheinungen der medikamentösen Therapie sind dabei nicht selten gepaart mit einer geringeren Lebensqualität und einer eingeschränkten Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben. Zudem können Ängste und depressive Stimmungen die rheumatische Erkrankung begleiten. In diesem Kontext eine behandlungsbedürftige psychische Erkrankung von krankheitsbedingtem Leiden abzugrenzen und ggf. eine fachgerechte Unterstützung einzuleiten stellt eine Herausforderung in der medizinischen Rehabilitation dar. Edukative Gruppenangebote können problem- und krankheitsbezogen durchgeführt werden und beför-dern den Austausch mit Gleichbetroffenen. Im Rahmen von krankheitsspezifischen Patientenschulun-gen steht die Vermittlung von krankheitsbezogenem Wissen und krankheitsbezogenen Kompetenzen im Mittelpunkt. Hierbei ist die enge fachliche Zusammenarbeit aller therapeutischen Berufsgruppen der medizinischen Rehabilitation gefragt. Bei Rehabilitanden mit besonderen beruflichen Problemla-gen können psychologische Stressbewältigungs-Gruppen oder andere arbeitsbezogene Gruppenange-bote das Gesamtspektrum der beruflich orientierten Therapieleistungen ergänzen. Über die Behand-lungsmaßnahmen hinaus können Psychologen und Psychotherapeuten in der medizinischen Rehabili-tation mit einer verhaltens- und fähigkeitsorientierten Befundung einen wichtigen Beitrag zur sozial-medizinischen Leistungsbeurteilung leisten.Psychological interventions are an important aspect in medical rehabilitation of Federal German Pen-sion Fund. Their aim is – similar to other rehabilitation treatment aspects – to improve work ability over the long-term course and prevent disability. In rheumatologic illness, management of illness- and pain can be focused in psychological interventions. Chronic pain or long-term side effects of medical therapy are often coming along with reduced quality of life and reduced participation in general life. Furthermore, anxiety and depressive symptoms may occur. Identifying a clinically relevant mental disorder, and distinguish normal suffering from mental disor-der is important in somatic rehabilitation and needs specialists in mental health clinical diagnostic. Patient education is mostly done in groups, which focus on problem solving and illness management. Structured patient education programs should be done using all professionals from the rehabilitation team, e.g. physicians, psychologists, sport therapists, social workers or others in cooperation. In patients with additional vocational problems, stress management and work-directed conflict man-agement education may be done. Additionally, psychologists and psychotherapists´ expertise of be-havior observation and behavior description should be used for the medical work ability description in rehabilitation reports

Perspektiven einer teilhabeorientierten Psychotherapie in Anlehnung an die Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rehabilitationswissenschaften (DGRW)

Psychische Erkrankungen, wie rezidivierende affektive Störungen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen oder auch psychotische Erkrankungen, gehen für die betroffenen Menschen häufig mit anhaltenden Beeinträchtigungen im alltäglichen Leben einher. Daher spielt bei ihrer psychotherapeutischen Behandlung – unabhängig ob stationär oder ambulant - die Rehabilitations- bzw. Teilhabeorientierung im Sinne des SGB IX eine bedeutsame Rolle. Teilhabeorientierte Behandlung hat zum Ziel, dass ein Patient auch mit einer chronischen Erkrankung in beruflichen und sozialen Lebensbezügen integriert sein soll. Behinderung im Sinne der krankheitsbedingten Beeinträchtigung in bestimmten Lebensbereichen soll überwunden werden. In der alltäglichen Psychotherapiepraxis sind teilhabe- und rehabilitationsorientierte Inhalte bei psychischen Erkrankungen seit jeher von großer Bedeutung. Um in der Psychotherapie das Teilhabemodell nutzbar zu machen, ist eine verfahrensübergreifende Orientierung am biopsychosozialen Krankheitsverständnis sinnvoll, welches der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) zugrunde liegt. Kenntnisse über die Vielfalt medizinischer, beruflicher und sozialer Rehabilitationsmöglichkeiten im deutschen Sozialversicherungssystem sind notwendig, um eine teilhabeorientierte Psychotherapie bei chronisch kranken Patienten durchzuführen zu können.Mental disorders (such as recurrent mood disorders, personality disorders, or psychotic disorders) come along with enduring impairment in daily life activities. Therefore psychotherapeutic actions in inpatient or outpatient settings require a life-span and participation-oriented treatment perspective. Participation-oriented treatment aims at social and vocational integration in general life despite enduringly recurring or resting symptoms. According to the model of health problems offered by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, ICF (WHO, 2001), disability can be defined as context-dependent activity impairment due to illness. Disability is not the person´s illness itself, but depends on the interaction of health status and contextual conditions. This context-dependent impairment shall be overcome with the help of treatment. In psychotherapy, the perspective of participation over the life-span has always been of great importance. However, it has until now hardly been mentioned explicitly. For practical handling of the ICF philosophy, its bio-psycho-social model of health problem-description is useful. Psychotherapists should gain knowledge on medical, vocational, and social rehabilitation treatment aims, institutions and the health care system. Psychotherapists may serve, similar to family physicians, as a case manager of illness processes. They do not only aim reducing mental illness symptoms, but focus on life-span management of the mental disorder. The aim is mainly to improve patients´ daily life participation

Single-particle characterization of ice-nucleating particles and ice particle residuals sampled by three different techniques

In the present work, three different techniques to separate ice-nucleating particles (INPs) as well as ice particle residuals (IPRs) from non-ice-active particles are compared. The Ice Selective Inlet (ISI) and the Ice Counterflow Virtual Impactor (Ice-CVI) sample ice particles from mixed-phase clouds and allow after evaporation in the instrument for the analysis of the residuals. The Fast Ice Nucleus Chamber (FINCH) coupled with the Ice Nuclei Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (IN-PCVI) provides ice-activating conditions to aerosol particles and extracts the activated particles for analysis. The instruments were run during a joint field campaign which took place in January and February 2013 at the High Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch (Switzerland). INPs and IPRs were analyzed offline by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to determine their size, chemical composition and mixing state. Online analysis of the size and chemical composition of INP activated in FINCH was performed by laser ablation mass spectrometry. With all three INP/IPR separation techniques high abundances (median 20–70%) of instrumental contamination artifacts were observed (ISI: Si-O spheres, probably calibration aerosol; Ice-CVI: Al-O particles; FINCH + IN-PCVI: steel particles). After removal of the instrumental contamination particles, silicates, Ca-rich particles, carbonaceous material and metal oxides were the major INP/IPR particle types obtained by all three techniques. In addition, considerable amounts (median abundance mostly a few percent) of soluble material (e.g., sea salt, sulfates) were observed. As these soluble particles are often not expected to act as INP/IPR, we consider them as potential measurement artifacts. Minor types of INP/IPR include soot and Pb-bearing particles. The Pb-bearing particles are mainly present as an internal mixture with other particle types. Most samples showed a maximum of the INP/IPR size distribution at 200–400 nm in geometric diameter. In a few cases, a second supermicron maximum was identified. Soot/carbonaceous material and metal oxides were present mainly in the sub-micrometer range. Silicates and Ca-rich particles were mainly found with diameters above 1 μm (using ISI and FINCH), in contrast to the Ice-CVI which also sampled many submicron particles of both groups. Due to changing meteorological conditions, the INP/IPR composition was highly variable if different samples were compared. Thus, the observed discrepancies between the different separation techniques may partly result from the non-parallel sampling. The differences of the particle group relative number abundance as well as the mixing state of INP/IPR clearly demonstrate the need of further studies to better understand the influence of the separation techniques on the INP/IPR chemical composition. Also, it must be concluded that the abundance of contamination artifacts in the separated INP and IPR is generally large and should be corrected for, emphasizing the need for the accompanying chemical measurements. Thus, further work is needed to allow for routine operation of the three separation techniques investigated

Effizienter Nachrichtenaustausch auf speichergekoppelten Rechnerverbundsystemen mit SCI-Verbindungsnetz

A cluster is a group of independent compute nodes which are coupled by an interconnection network. They can be used to execute parallel applications, consisting of processes which communicate via the interconnection network. This work deals with clusters coupled by a high-performance, memory-coupling Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI, IEEE 1596 standard) interconnect. SCI enables transparent access to remote memory locations. This platform serves as a basis for the implementation of a message-passing programming model using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) application programming interface specification. A number of new techniques is developed and applied for this implementation to make a maximal fraction of the potential performance available to the MPI-based parallel application. The upper limit of the communication performance of an SCI interconnect with n-dimensional torus topology is analytically determined for different typical communication scenarios. The required variants of the basic point-to-point communication protocols are designed accordingly. They are evaluated by a new multi-level efficiency model. Next to this, new communication algorithms and protocols for collective operations (which involve an arbitrary number of communicating processes) are presented. They achieve a multiple of the performance of generic techniques, and also surpass the performance of an available SCI-optimized implementation. An innovative technique for the transmission of non-contiguous memory areas increases the transfer bandwidth for this application of MPI derived data types. Up to 100% of the transfer bandwidth of contiguous memory areas have been achieved, while reducing the working set size and thus increasing the locality. For one-sided communication, means for communication and synchronization have been developed. They perform well even for loosely coupled, non-phased communication scenarios by the use of asynchronous synchronisation. Finally, advanced communication protocols and new data transfer mechanisms are shown to make efficient overlapping of communication and computation possible. This allows to hide up to 90% of the communication time. The software package that has been developed with this work merges the new techniques and algorithms into an MPI library of outstanding performance and flexibility. It is freely available including the source code. Therefore, it can easily be used for the efficient employment of clusters and for transferring the findings to other areas of parallel processing