Prevalence of Low Self-esteem and Mental Distress among Undergraduate Medical Students in Jimma University: A Cross- Sectional Study

BACKGROUND፡ Medical students often experience chronic stress. Self-esteem is one of the most important factors in the process of psychosocial growth and has remarkable effect on thoughts, feelings, values, and goals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of low self-esteem (LSE) and mental distress among Medical Students of Jimma University.METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University from June to July, 2018. Self-esteem was measured with Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Self-administered Short form with General Health Questionnaire was used to assess presence of mental distress.RESULT: Out of 422 students enrolled to the study, 279 (66.1%) were male, and 413 (97.9 %) were 18 to 25 years of age. The prevalence of LSE and mental distress were 19.0%, and 19.7 %, respectively. Students who had LSE had 5 times higher risk of having mental distress, AOR= 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9-8.9). Moreover, female students had higher risk of developing mental distress (AOR=1.9, 95% CI, 1.1-3.3). Students who had poor social support were 4.3 times at higher risk of developing LSE, AOR=4.3 (95% CI, 1.9-9.8). Those who reported to have poor academic performance were also more likely to have LSE AOR= 3.7 (95% CI, 1.3- 10.0).CONCLUSION: One in five medical students had LSE and it is strongly associated with metal distress. Female students were at higher risk of mental distress. Preventive, curative and rehabilitative mental health services should be available for medical students with particular attention to those with poorsocial support

Household food insecurity and mental distress among pregnant women in Southwestern Ethiopia : a cross sectional study design

Background: There are compelling theoretical and empirical reasons that link household food insecurity to mental distress in the setting where both problems are common. However, little is known about their association during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the association of household food insecurity with mental distress during pregnancy. Six hundred and forty-two pregnant women were recruited from 11 health centers and one hospital. Probability proportional to size (PPS) and consecutive sampling techniques were employed to recruit study subjects until the desired sample size was obtained. The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to measure mental distress and a 9-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale was used to measure food security status. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed accordingly. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of food insecurity on mental distress. Results: Fifty eight of the respondents (9 %) were moderately food insecure and 144 of the respondents (22.4 %) had mental distress. Food insecurity was also associated with mental distress. Pregnant women living in food insecure households were 4 times more likely to have mental distress than their counterparts (COR = 3.77, 95 % CI: 2.17, 6.55). After controlling for confounders, a multivariate logistic regression model supported a link between food insecurity and mental distress (AOR = 4.15, 95 % CI: 1.67, 10.32). Conclusion: The study found a significant association between food insecurity and mental distress. However, the mechanism by which food insecurity is associated with mental distress is not clear. Further investigation is therefore needed to understand either how food insecurity during pregnancy leads to mental distress or weather mental distress is a contributing factor in the development of food insecurity

Unilateral Renal Artery Stenosis Associated with Severe Hypertension: Atypical Presentation of Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND፡ Renal artery stenosis is a common cause of hypertension in children; however, infectious causes of renal artery stenosis are rare. Diagnosis of TB in children is challenging, causing delay in diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 4-year-old girl who was presented with loss of consciousness and seizure of one day duration. The patient had severe acute malnutrition, symptom complex of TB and contact with adults having smear positive tuberculosis. Subsequently, her blood pressure was 200/140 mmhg. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated TB with left renal artery stenosis, severe hypertension, cardiomegaly, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, stroke and severe malnutrition. Diagnosis was confirmed with head CT scan, MRI and ultrasound of the kidneys. The patient was on antituberculosis drugs, prednisolone, nifedipine, furosemide, antiepileptic drugs and nutritional therapy. After treatment with antituberculosis drugs and other supportive care all the symptoms subsided, while the hypertension was not controlled, necessitating surgical intervention for the left renal stenosis.CONCLUSION: Atypical presentations of TB have to be considered especially when there is a strong contact history. Tuberculosis preventive therapy may have prevented all the complications, had it been given the moment the index cases were diagnosed.&nbsp

Four in every ten infants in Northwest Ethiopia exposed to sub-optimal breastfeeding practice.

BackgroundImproper breastfeeding practices significantly impair the health, development, and survival of infants, children, and mothers. A Breastfeeding Performance Index (BPI) is a composite index to describe overall maternal breastfeeding practice with infants under six months of age. To date, there is insufficient evidence on breastfeeding performance index and its associated factors in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the breastfeeding performance index and its associated factors in Sekela District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 605 randomly selected mothers having infants aged 6 to 12 months from April 02, 2019 to May 13, 2019. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of BPI.ResultsTwo hundred forty-six (40.7%) of mothers had low BPI scores. Mothers who lived alone (AOR = 3.18; 95%CI: 1.15, 8.82), mothers who were merchants (AOR = 2.75; 95%CI:1.05, 7.15), attended three antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.82), attended four antenatal care visits (AOR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.82), received postnatal care (PNC) (AOR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.64), had poor knowledge on breastfeeding (AOR = 3.19;95%CI: 1.14, 8.89) or negative attitudes towards breastfeeding (AOR = 2.70;95%CI: 1.13, 6.45), were independent predictors of low BPI scores.ConclusionsThe prevalence of sub-optimal breastfeeding practice in northwest Ethiopia was very high. A mother living alone, maternal occupation, ANC visits, PNC, maternal breastfeeding knowledge, and attitude towards breastfeeding were independent predictors of low BPI scores. Nutrition promotion should be implemented by considering the above significant factors to decrease inappropriate breastfeeding practice in Northwest Ethiopia

sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221140778 – Supplemental material for Sero-prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Hawassa city public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study design

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221140778 for Sero-prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Hawassa city public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study design by Birku Kassaw, Netsanet Abera, Tegene Legesse, Alemu Workineh and Gizachew Ambaw in SAGE Open Medicine</p