CEO Turnover and Foreign Market Participation

Anecdotal evidence suggests that new CEOs with foreign backgrounds direct their firms to become more international in their operations. We examine this hypothesis formally using data on U.S. S&P-500 manufacturing firms from 1992 through 1997 and biographical information on CEOs' birth and education locations that allow us to identify changes from U.S.- to foreign-connected CEOs. Robust to a variety of specifications, we find that a U.S. firm's switch from a U.S. to a foreign CEO leads to substantial increases in the firm's proportion of its foreign assets and foreign affiliate sales. In fact, our preferred specification indicates that foreign asset and affiliate sales proportions increase 30 and 50%, respectively, for the five years after there is CEO turnover to one with a foreign background. This is in contrast to U.S.-to-U.S. CEO switches in our sample that show no evidence of changes in a firms' foreign market participation. These large effects contrast with previous literature that finds little evidence for changes in firm performance with CEO turnover.

The Robertson v. Princeton Case: Too Important to Be Left to the Lawyers

Offers comments from eleven contributors on the Robertson family's donor rights suit against the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs for violation of donor intent. Explores its effects on and implications for the nonprofit sector

Arthroscopic hip labral repair: the iberian suture technique

Arthroscopic hip labral repair has beneficial short-term outcomes; however, debate exists regarding ideal surgical labral repair technique. This technical note presents an arthroscopic repair technique that uses intrasubstance labral suture passage to restore the chondrolabral interface. This Iberian suture technique allows for an anatomic repair while posing minimal risk of damage to the labral and chondral tissues

Radiometric calibration of ‘Commercial off the shelf’ cameras for UAV-based high-resolution temporal phenotyping of reflectance and NDVI

Vegetation indices, such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), are 13 common metrics used for measuring traits of interest in crop phenotyping. However traditional 14 measurements of these indices are often influenced by multiple confounding factors such as canopy 15 cover and reflectance of underlying soil, visible in canopy gaps. Digital cameras mounted to 16 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles offer the spatial resolution to investigate these confounding factors, 17 however incomplete methods for radiometric calibration into reflectance units limits how the data 18 can be applied to phenotyping. In this study, we assess the applicability of very high spatial 19 resolution (1cm) UAV-based imagery taken with commercial off the shelf (COTS) digital cameras 20 for both deriving calibrated reflectance imagery, and isolating vegetation canopy reflectance from 21 that of the underlying soil. We present new methods for successfully normalising the imagery for 22 exposure and solar irradiance effects, generating multispectral (RGB-NIR) orthomosaics of our 23 target field based wheat crop trial. Validation against measurements from a ground spectrometer 24 showed good results for reflectance (R2 ≥ 0.6) and NDVI (R2 ≥ 0.88). Application of imagery collected 25 through the growing season and masked using the Excess Green Red index was used to assess the 26 impact of canopy cover on NDVI measurements. Results showed the impact of canopy cover 27 artificially reducing plot NDVI values in the early season, where canopy development is low

Testing the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Face Inversion Effect and the N170 Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) component

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordThe following study investigates the effects of tDCS on face recognition skills indexed by the face inversion effect (better recognition performance for upright vs. inverted faces). We combined tDCS and EEG simultaneously to examine the effects of tDCS on the face inversion effect behaviourally and on the N170 ERPs component. The results from two experiments (overall N=112) show that anodal tDCS delivered at Fp3 site for 10 min at 1.5mA (double-blind and between-subjects) can reduce behaviourally the face inversion effect compared to sham (control) stimulation. The ERP results provide some evidence for tDCS being able to influence the face inversion effect on the N170. Specifically, we find a dissociation of the tDCS-induced effects where for the N170 latencies the tDCS reduces the usual face inversion effect (delayed N170 in response to inverted vs. upright faces) compared to sham. Contrarily, the same tDCS procedure on the same participants increased the inversion effect seen in the N170 amplitudes by making the negative deflection for the inverted faces that much greater than that for upright faces. We interpret our results in the context of the literature on the face inversion effect and the N170 peak component. In doing so, we extend our results to previous studies investigating the effects of tDCS on perceptual learning and face recognition.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC

Observing the Galápagos–EUC interaction : insights and challenges

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 40 (2010): 2768–2777, doi:10.1175/2010JPO4461.1.Although sustained observations yield a description of the mean equatorial current system from the western Pacific to the eastern terminus of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array, a comprehensive observational dataset suitable for describing the structure and pathways of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) east of 95°W does not exist and therefore climate models are unconstrained in a region that plays a critical role in ocean–atmosphere coupling. Furthermore, ocean models suggest that the interaction between the EUC and the Galápagos Islands (92°W) has a striking effect on the basic state and coupled variability of the tropical Pacific. To this end, the authors interpret historical measurements beginning with those made in conjunction with the discovery of the Pacific EUC in the 1950s, analyze velocity measurements from an equatorial TAO mooring at 85°W, and analyze a new dataset from archived shipboard ADCP measurements. Together, the observations yield a possible composite description of the EUC structure and pathways in the eastern equatorial Pacific that may be useful for model validation and guiding future observation.Karnauskas acknowledges the WHOI Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists