Remarks on Noun Phrases in English

In this paper, we deal with some facts concerning the movement out of and within noun phrases in English. For a proper analysis, subject (SPEC) positions of NP are divided into two kinds: A-position and A'-position. The NP with A subject, which is nexal in its nature, is a barrier if the NP is not L·marked, whereas the NP with A' ·subject as well as the NP with non-specific determiner, i. e., non·nexal NPs are an inherent barrier, for they cannot be L·marked. The original version of the Minimality Condition proposed in Chomsky (1986) is modified in a substantive way to accomodate the facts of nominals in English. With the proposals described above, along with the assumption that the noun is not a proper governor, as many linguists including Kayne claim, it is possible to explain some facts about movement in NPs in a consistent way with the help of the Empty Category Principle (ECP)

A Study on the Light Verb Construction in English and Korean

This paper is an attempt to analyze the light verb construction of Korean, based on the recent proposal of Hale and Keyser (1993a, 1993b, among others) regarding minimal X′-structure. This paper is primarily concerned with the grammatical difference found in the examples below: (1) a. *Chelswu-ka malwu-lul ti ha-n chengsoi -nom floor-acc do-rel cleaning 'lit: the cleaning that Chelswu did to the floor' b. Chelswu-ka Yenghi-wa ti ha-n hapseki -nom -with do-rel table-sharing 'lit: the table-sharing that Chelswu did with Yenghi' The relative clause (1a) is formed with the verb chengsohata 'to clean' and (1b) comes from hapsekhata 'to table-share', both of which consist of a verbal noun plus a verb hata 'to do'. Where does the difference come from? At first glance, it is obvious that chengsohata is a transitive verb while hapsekhata in an (unergative) intransitive verb. However, the distinction of transtivity itself cannot form any reason for the grammaticality difference shown in (1)

On the Syntax of Unusual Subjects: Exceptional Case Marking Constructions

This study aims to explain the mixed properties of the ECM subject in Korean and Mongolian in terms of the Relator Phrase (RP) analysis proposed by den Dikken (2007, 2017a, 2017b). The embedded subject in the Korean ECM is known to exhibit both higher/lower and A/A' properties. How can an XP have several locus properties at the same time? To address this question, the present study proposes the following insights: Predication relations constitute an inherent RP phase (den Dikken 2007, 2017a, 2017b; Wurmbrand, 2021); The ECM subject is base-generated in the Spec-RP position in Korean, which is an A-position by definition; R assumes a null state or becomes C+R if C is elevated to R; A null operator (O) binds the overt/covert pronoun in the embedded TP; The ECM subject is related to the embedded CP in terms of predication, akin to Browning's (1991) perspective. The proposed analysis explains the Korean ECM and its difference from Mongolian. The proposal resolves the ongoing discourse on whether the ECM subject moves or stays in situ. Additionally, significant similarities between ECM construction and the multiple nominative constructions (MNC) in Korean are also explained in terms of RP, a correlation previously understudied in previous studies.An earlier version of this paper was presented in the Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Comparative Linguistics Workshop at University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 2023. The author also owes much to three anonymous reviewers of Language Research, by whose help some earlier ideas of this paper could be further clarified. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022S1A5A2A0103824711)

Hes6 Controls Cell Proliferation via Interaction with cAMP-response Element-binding Protein-binding Protein in the Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Body

Hes6 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that functions in the differentiation of pluripotent progenitor cells and during tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism for its function is largely unknown. Here we show that Hes6 is a component of the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body (PML-NB) complex in the nuclei and that Hes6 inhibits cell proliferation through induction of p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. We further show that Hes6 directly interacts with CREB-binding protein (CBP), one of the key components of PML-NB, via its basic domain. This association is critical for p21 induction through multiple mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling and p53 acetylation. Taken together, these results suggest that the Hes6-CBP complex in PML-NB may influence the proliferation of cells via p53-dependent and -independent pathways

Pseudogap and weak multifractality in disordered Mott charge-density-wave insulator

The competition, coexistence and cooperation of various orders in low-dimensional materials like spin, charge, topological orders and charge-density-wave has been one of the most intriguing issues in condensed matter physics. In particular, layered transition metal dichalcogenides provide an ideal platform for studying such an interplay with a notable case of 1${T}$-TaS$_{2}$ featuring Mott-insulating ground state, charge-density-wave, spin frustration and emerging superconductivity together. We investigated local electronic states of Se-substituted 1${T}$-TaS$_{2}$ by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), where superconductivity emerges from the unique Mott-CDW state. Spatially resolved STS measurements reveal that an apparent V-shape pseudogap forms at the Fermi Level (E$_{F}$), with the origin of the electronic states splitting and transformation from the Mott states, and the CDW gaps are largely preserved. The formation of the pseudogap has little correlation to the variation of local Se concentration, but appears to be a global characteristics. Furthermore, the correlation length of local density of states (LDOS) diverges at the Fermi energy and decays rapidly at high energies. The spatial correlation shows a power-law decay close to the Fermi energy. Our statistics analysis of the LDOS indicates that our system exhibits weak multifractal behavior of the wave functions. These findings strongly support a correlated metallic state induced by disorder in our system, which provides an new insight into the novel mechanism of emerging superconductivity in the two-dimensional correlated electronic systems

Nonlinear Optical Corneal Crosslinking, Mechanical Stiffening, and Corneal Flattening Using Amplified Femtosecond Pulses.

Purpose:We have shown that nonlinear optical corneal crosslinking (NLO CXL) and stiffening can be achieved in ex vivo rabbit corneas using an 80-MHz, 760-nm femtosecond (FS) laser, however the required power was beyond the American National Standard Institute limit. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of amplified FS pulses to perform CXL to reduce power by increasing pulse energy. Methods:A variable numerical aperture laser scanning delivery system was coupled to a 1030-nm laser with a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier to generate 760 nm, 50 to 150 kHz amplified FS pulses with 79.5-μm axial and 2.9-μm lateral two-photon focal volume. Ex vivo rabbit corneas received NLO CXL, and effectiveness was assessed by measuring collagen autofluorescence (CAF) and mechanical stiffening. NLO CXL was also performed in 14 live rabbits, and changes in corneal topography were measured using an Orbscan. Results:Amplified pulses (0.3 μJ) generated significant CAF that increased logarithmically with decreasing scan speed; achieving equivalent CAF to UVA CXL at 15.5 mm/s. Indentation testing detected a 62% increase in stiffness compared to control, and corneal topography measurements revealed a significant decrease of 1.0 ± 0.8 diopter by 1 month (P < 0.05). Conclusions:These results show that NLO CXL using amplified pulses can produce corneal collagen CXL comparable to UVA CXL. Translational Relevance:NLO CXL using amplified pulses can produce corneal CXL comparable to UVA CXL, suggesting a potential clinical application in which NLO CXL can be used to perform personalized crosslinking for treatment of refractive errors and keratoconus

Improving disclosure of medical error through educational program as a first step toward patient safety

Participant’s Response to medical errors. Description of data: Raw data of participant’s response to medical errors (3 clinical cases with different severity of error outcome), satisfaction and change after the education program. (XLSX 18 kb

Comparison of Internal and Total Optical Aberrations for 2 Aberrometers: iTrace and OPD Scan

PURPOSE: To compare and evaluate the total and internal aberrations measured by two aberrometers: the laser ray tracing aberrometer (iTrace, Tracey Technology) and the automatic retinoscope aberrometer (OPD Scan, Nidek). METHODS: A total of 54 healthy eyes were enrolled in the study. Following pupil dilation, aberrations were measured with the iTrace and OPD Scan. We compared the aberrations obtained from measurements obtained at pupillary diameters of 4 mm and 6 mm with the OPD Scan and iTrace. Aberrations of internal optics and total aberrations were compared for the two aberrometers. For each aberrometer and each eye, the averaged Zernike data were used to calculate various root-mean-square (RMS) data. These parameters, together with the refractive parameters, were then analyzed and complimented by paired t-tests. RESULTS: At a pupil diameter of 4 mm, the number of total aberrations in the entire eye showed significant differences for the mean values of spherical aberrations (Z4,0) obtained with the OPD Scan and iTrace aberrometers (p=0.001). Aberrations of the internal optics showed significant differences in the mean values of total RMS, coma (Z3,-1), and trefoil (Z3,3) between the iTrace and OPD Scan (p<0.001, p=0.01, p<0.001) for the same pupil diameter of 4 mm. At a pupil diameter of 6 mm, the two instruments showed a similar number of total aberrations. Aberrations of the internal optics showed significant differences in the mean values of total RMS, spherical aberration (Z4,0), and coma (Z3,-1) between the two devices (p<0.001, p=0.01, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The iTrace and OPD Scan showed the largest number of differences for aberrations of internal optics rather than total aberrations for both pupil diameters. These results suggest that in healthy eyes, the two aberrometers may vary in some details. The aberrometers showed more agreement at a pupil diameter of 6 mm compared to 4 mmope

CIB1 protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through inhibiting ASK1.

Calcium and integrin binding protein 1 (CIB1) is a calcium-binding protein that was initially identified as a binding partner of platelet integrin αIIb. Although CIB1 has been shown to interact with multiple proteins, its biological function in the brain remains unclear. Here, we show that CIB1 negatively regulates degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson\u27s disease using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Genetic deficiency of the CIB1 gene enhances MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons in CIB1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated depletion of CIB1 in primary dopaminergic neurons potentiated 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyrinidium (MPP(+))-induced neuronal death. CIB1 physically associated with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and thereby inhibited the MPP(+)-induced stimulation of the ASK1-mediated signaling cascade. These findings suggest that CIB1 plays a protective role in MPTP/MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity by blocking ASK1-mediated signaling