How Must a Lawyer Be? A Response to Woolley and Wendel

In Legal Ethics and Moral Character, 23 GEO. J. LEGAL Ethics, Alice Woolley and W. Bradley Wendel argue that theories of legal ethics may be evaluated by examining the kind of person a lawyer must be to conform to the normative demands of the theory. In their words, theories of legal ethics musts answer questions not only of what a lawyer must do, but how a lawyer must be. Woolley and Wendel examine three theories of legal ethics—those of Charles Fried, William Simon, and myself—and conclude that the theories they discuss impose demands on agency that are not realistic, functional, or desirable. On behalf of Simon’s theory and my own—both of which are “high commitment” accounts of legal ethics—I respond to all three criticisms. Neither theory is unrealistic in the sense of requiring impossible things of lawyers. If the charge of unrealism means only that the theory sometimes requires lawyers to take difficult or uncomfortable stances, I argue that this counts as a legitimate criticism only if the theory’s prescriptions are doubtful on independent moral grounds. To the criticism that high-commitment ethical theories are not functional, I observe that Woolley and Wendel identify functionality with fitting comfortably into law firm culture. In response, I suggest that if ethical conduct places a lawyer at odds with law firm culture that should count as a criticism of the law firm rather than the lawyer’s theory of ethics; in any case, Woolley and Wendel have wrongly presupposed that the high-commitment lawyer is working in a setting of low-commitment lawyers rather than other high commitment lawyers. Finally, I argue that Woolley and Wendel are incorrect to believe that the character traits required for high-commitment legal practice are undesirable because they would lead lawyers to buck the system when they should not do so

A practical visionary : Mary Emma Woolley and the education of women.

This dissertation is a study of the professional life and, to a lesser extent, the personal life of Mary Emma Woolley (1863-1947), an American educator, feminist, social reformer, peace activist, and religious leader. As one of a handful of women presidents of elite women\u27s colleges, Woolley created a unique style of leadership while she worked with others to establish unifying organizations to support the further development of women\u27s opportunities. This narrative biography focuses on Woolley\u27s intellectual and professional roots, training, and achievements. After a theoretical introductory chapter, the next four chapters study the years during which Woolley developed skills, a philosophy, and personal style that reflected the ideas, mentors, opportunities, and challenges that she encountered. Chapters six through nine are organized around four major challenges that faced Woolley as President of Mount Holyoke College. These included the challenge to advocate successfully for the higher education of women, to bring Mount Holyoke to equal status with other elite women\u27s colleges, to inculcate students with a lasting sense of their social responsibility as educated women, and to create a fulfilling personal life for herself. Woolley\u27s professional life paralleled significant gains made by women in education and the professions. However, by the end of her career, women experienced significant losses both in opportunity and status. The final chapter of the study documents the controversy over Woolley\u27s presidential succession which ended in her replacement by a man. The study concludes that Woolley\u27s exemplary leadership demonstrated what it was possible to achieve in a single-sex institution. Woolley and women like her in positions of leadership were able to transform single-sex women\u27s colleges into institutions where professional women could achieve and students could receive both high-quality education and full exposure to the world beyond the colleges. Woolley herself used the college as a platform from which she influenced a much wider audience through her speeches and articles. However, Mount Holyoke\u27s loss of female leadership in 1937 was a casualty of a generalized loss of female leadership opportunities

Letter from Major Woolley to George Sibley, March 31, 1824

Transcript of Letter from Major A.R. Woolley to George Sibley, March 31, 1824. Woolley asks about the disposition of the Osage tribes

Investing in Medical Research: Why We Must Embrace the Audacity of Hope

In the summer of 2004, then-U.S.Senate candidate from Illinois Barack Obama galvanized the nation with a message centered on the hope, promise,and power of the American dream. He said Americans possess the "audacity of hope," which, as much as any phrase of recent origin, describes the impetus behind both the conduct and support of medical research. This is not mere rhetoric. More than the citizens of any other nation, Americans support medical research. Today, there are approximately 35 million Americans ages 65 and older who, because of improvements in health care and nutrition, are more likely than ever to be healthy, vigorous, and productive

Elimination of the A-square problem from cavity QED

We generalize the Power-Zineau-Woolley transformation to obtain a canonical Hamiltonian of cavity quantum electrodynamics for arbitrary geometry of boundaries. This Hamiltonian is free from the A-square term and the instantaneous Coulomb interaction between distinct atoms. The single-mode models of cavity QED (Dicke, Tavis-Cummings, Jaynes-Cummings) are justified by a term by term mapping to the proposed microscopic Hamiltonian. As one straightforward consequence, the basis of no-go argumentations concerning the Dicke phase transition with atoms in electromagnetic fields dissolves.Comment: 5 page

Wayne Woolley, 1946

D. W. Woolley. Biological Antagonisms Between Metabolically Important Compounds and Their Structural Analogs Lecture delivered March 21st, 1946 Posted with permissionhttps://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/harvey-lectures/1032/thumbnail.jp

Conditional moment closure modelling of soot formation in turbulent, non-premixed methane and propane flames

Presented are results obtained from the incorporation of a semi-empirical soot model into a first-order conditional moment closure (CMC) approach to modelling turbulent, non-premixed methane–air and propane–air flames. Soot formation is determined via the solution of two transport equations for soot mass fraction and particle number density, with acetylene and benzene employed as the incipient species responsible for soot nucleation, and the concentrations of these calculated using a detailed gas-phase kinetic scheme involving 70 species. The study focuses on the influence of differential diffusion of soot particles on soot volume fraction predictions. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data for atmospheric and 3 atm methane flames, and propane flames with air preheated to 323 K and 773 K. Overall, the study demonstrates that the model, when used in conjunction with a representation of differential diffusion effects, is capable of accurately predicting soot formation in the turbulent non-premixed flames considered

Gravothermal Catastrophe in Anisotropic Spherical Systems

In this paper we investigate the gravothermal instability of spherical stellar systems endowed with a radially anisotropic velocity distribution. We focus our attention on the effects of anisotropy on the conditions for the onset of the instability and in particular we study the dependence of the spatial structure of critical models on the amount of anisotropy present in a system. The investigation has been carried out by the method of linear series which has already been used in the past to study the gravothermal instability of isotropic systems. We consider models described by King, Wilson and Woolley-Dickens distribution functions. In the case of King and Woolley-Dickens models, our results show that, for quite a wide range of amount of anisotropy in the system, the critical value of the concentration of the system (defined as the ratio of the tidal to the King core radius of the system) is approximately constant and equal to the corresponding value for isotropic systems. Only for very anisotropic systems the critical value of the concentration starts to change and it decreases significantly as the anisotropy increases and penetrates the inner parts of the system. For Wilson models the decrease of the concentration of critical models is preceded by an intermediate regime in which critical concentration increases, it reaches a maximum and then it starts to decrease. The critical value of the central potential always decreases as the anisotropy increases.Comment: 7pages, 5figures, to appear in MNRAS (figures have been replaced with their corrected versions