GAMBARAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TONGKAINA TAHUN 2018

Upaya kesehatan lingkungan merupakan salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk mewujudkan kualitas lingkungan yang sehat, baik fisik, kimia, biologi dan sosial yang memungkinkan setiap masyaraka tmencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi - tingginya. Lingkungan sehat mencakup lingkungan permukiman, tempat kerja, tempat rekreasi, serta tempat dan fasilitas umum. Sanitasi dasar merupakan syarat kesehatan lingkungan minimal yang harus dipunyai oleh setiap masyarakat untuk memenuhi keperluan sehari - hari. Ruang lingkup sanitasi dasar yakni sarana penyediaan air bersih, sarana jamban keluarga, sarana pembuangan sampah, dan sarana pembuangan air limbah. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah gambaran kesehatan lingkungan sekolah diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Tongkaina tahun 2018. Penelitian ini yaitu observasional deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober – November tahun 2018 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tongkaina total populasi berjumlah 8 Sekolah. Kesehatan lingkungan sekolah dinilai menggunakan formulir inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan sekolah melalui observasi langsung dengan pengukuran berdasarkan total nilai dari 38 pertanyaan dalam kuisioner. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menentukan apakah kesehatan lingkungan sekolah memenuhi syarat atau tidak. Terdapat 7 sekolah (87,5%) di wilayah kerja puskesmas Tongkaina yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan dengan jumlah skor <70% dari 5 indikator dan termasuk kriteria utama minimal. Sedangkan hanya 1 sekolah (12,5%) yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dari 5 indikator dengan jumlah skor ≥70% dan merupakan kriteria utama minimal.  ABSTRACT Environmental health efforts are one of the methods taken to realize the quality of a healthy, physical, chemical, biological and social environment that enables each community to achieve the highest degree of health. A healthy environment includes residential environments, workplaces, recreational areas, and public places and facilities. Basic sanitation is a minimum environmental health requirement that must be owned by every community to meet daily needs. The scope of basic sanitation is the provision of clean water, family toilet facilities, waste disposal facilities, and waste water disposal facilities. The purpose of this study is to describe the health of the school environment in the working area of Tongkaina Health Center in 2018. This study was observational descriptive conducted in October - November in 2018 in the Tongkaina Health Center Working Area with a total population of 8 Schools. School environmental health was assessed using the school environment health inspection form through direct observation with measurements based on the total value of 38 questions in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine whether the health of the school environment fulfilled the requirements or not. There were 7 schools (87.5%) in the working area of Tongkaina health center that did not meet health requirements with a score of <70% of the 5 indicators and included the main criteria at a minimum. Whereas only 1 school (12.5%) fulfills the health requirements of the 5 indicators with a score of ≥70% and is the minimum main criteria

HUBUNGAN ANTARA BEBAN KERJA DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PEKERJA UNIT AIRPORT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNATIONAL SAM RATULANGI MANADO

Stres didasarkan dari gejala-gejala dan tanda-tanda faal, perilaku, psikologikal dan somatik adalah hasil dari adanya kecocokan antara orang dan lingkungannya yang mengakibatkan ketidakmampuannya untuk menghadapi berbagai tuntutan terhadap dirinya secara efektif.Sampai titik tertentu bekerja dengan tekanan batas waktu, memiliki dorongan kerja yang besar atau beban kerja yang berlebih dapat merupakan proses yang merangsang terjadinya stress akibat kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beban kerja dengan stres kerja pada Unit Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Bandar Udara International Sam Ratulangi Manado. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu rancangan cross sectional study. Dan dilakukan pada bulan April – Juli 2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini dengan adalah pekerja Unit Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting yang berjumlah 53 responden dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara beban kerja dengan stres kerja pada Pekerja Unit Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Bandar Udara International Sam Ratulangi Manado.Kata Kunci: Beban Kerja, Stres KerjaABSTRACTStres is based on symptoms and signs phal,behavioral,psychological and somatic are the result of a match between people and the environment which is effecting in their inability to face various demands against themselves effectively. Until a certain point working with the pressure of the deadline, has a large boost or excessive workload can be a process that stimulates the job stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the relations between workload and job stress to the workers at the Rescue and Fire Fighting Unit of Sam Ratulangi International Airport Manado. The type of this research is cross sectional study design. And it is carried out in April – July 2018. The population in this study was the employees of the Rescue and Fire Fighting Airport Unit which amounted to 53 respondent using total sampling technique. The measuring tool was used questionnaire. The result of this study indicate that there is a relations between workload and job stress on Workers of the Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Unit of Sam Ratulangi International Airport Manado.Keywords: Work Load, Job Stress

Activity of different desoximetasone preparations compared to other topical corticosteroids in the vasoconstriction assay

Introduction: We report on a double-blind, vehicle-controlled, single-center confirmatory study with random assignment. The purpose of the study was to investigate the topical bioavailability of different topical corticosteroid formulations in healthy human beings focussing on desoximetasone (DM). Materials and Methods: Two DM 0.25% formulations {[}ointment (DM-o) and fatty ointment (DM-fo, water-free); class III corticosteroids], the corresponding active ingredient-free vehicles and three comparators of different strength {[}clobetasol propionate 0.05% (CP 0.05%), fatty ointment, class IV; hydrocortisone (HC) 1%, fatty ointment, class I, and betamethasone (BM) 0.05%, fatty ointment, class III] were tested using the vasoconstriction assay. The degree of vasoconstriction (blanching) in the treatment field was compared to the one found in untreated control fields using chromametric measurements and clinical assessment. Results/Conclusion: DM-o 0.25%, DM-fo 0.25% and BM 0.05% showed similar vasoconstrictive potential, i.e., clear blanching. In fact, both DM preparations were proven to be non-inferior to BM 0.05%, while CP 0.05% was found a little less active. HC 1.0% and the DM vehicles showed no clear-cut vasoconstrictive effect. No adverse events related to the study medications were observed. Good topical bioavailability of both DM formulations was detected by chromametric measurement and clinical assessment. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Exact solutions to the four Goldstone modes around a dark soliton of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation

This article is concerned with the linearisation around a dark soliton solution of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Crucially, we present analytic expressions for the four linearly-independent zero eigenvalue solutions (also known as Goldstone modes) to the linearised problem. These solutions are then used to construct a Greens matrix which gives the first-order spatial response due to some perturbation. Finally we apply this Greens matrix to find the correction to the dark-soliton wavefunction of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of fluctuations.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics

Discordant bioinformatic predictions of antimicrobial resistance from whole-genome sequencing data of bacterial isolates: an inter-laboratory study.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to public health. Clinical microbiology laboratories typically rely on culturing bacteria for antimicrobial-susceptibility testing (AST). As the implementation costs and technical barriers fall, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as a 'one-stop' test for epidemiological and predictive AST results. Few published comparisons exist for the myriad analytical pipelines used for predicting AMR. To address this, we performed an inter-laboratory study providing sets of participating researchers with identical short-read WGS data from clinical isolates, allowing us to assess the reproducibility of the bioinformatic prediction of AMR between participants, and identify problem cases and factors that lead to discordant results. We produced ten WGS datasets of varying quality from cultured carbapenem-resistant organisms obtained from clinical samples sequenced on either an Illumina NextSeq or HiSeq instrument. Nine participating teams ('participants') were provided these sequence data without any other contextual information. Each participant used their choice of pipeline to determine the species, the presence of resistance-associated genes, and to predict susceptibility or resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. We found participants predicted different numbers of AMR-associated genes and different gene variants from the same clinical samples. The quality of the sequence data, choice of bioinformatic pipeline and interpretation of the results all contributed to discordance between participants. Although much of the inaccurate gene variant annotation did not affect genotypic resistance predictions, we observed low specificity when compared to phenotypic AST results, but this improved in samples with higher read depths. Had the results been used to predict AST and guide treatment, a different antibiotic would have been recommended for each isolate by at least one participant. These challenges, at the final analytical stage of using WGS to predict AMR, suggest the need for refinements when using this technology in clinical settings. Comprehensive public resistance sequence databases, full recommendations on sequence data quality and standardization in the comparisons between genotype and resistance phenotypes will all play a fundamental role in the successful implementation of AST prediction using WGS in clinical microbiology laboratories

Carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in HIV-infected children in Zimbabwe.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global health issue. Data on the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant organisms are scarce for Africa, especially in HIV-infected individuals who often have frequent contact with healthcare. We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage in stool among HIV-infected children attending an HIV outpatient department in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS: We recruited children who were stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) attending a HIV clinic from August 2014 to June 2015. Information was collected on antibiotic use and hospitalization. Stool was tested for ESBL-E through combination disc diffusion. API20E identification and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed on the positive samples followed by whole genome sequencing. RESULTS: Stool was collected from 175/202 (86.6 %) children. Median age was 11 [inter-quartile range (IQR) 9-12] years. Median time on ART was 4.6 years (IQR 2.4-6.4). ESBL-Es were found in 24/175 samples (13.7 %); 50 % of all ESBL-Es were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, 100 % to co-trimoxazole, 45.8 % to chloramphenicol, 91.6 % to ceftriaxone, 20.8 % to gentamicin and 62.5 % to ciprofloxacin. ESBL-Es variously encoded CTX-M, OXA, TEM and SHV enzymes. The odds of ESBL-E carriage were 8.5 times (95 % CI 2.2-32.3) higher in those on ART for less than one year (versus longer) and 8.5 times (95 % CI 1.1-32.3) higher in those recently hospitalized for a chest infection. CONCLUSION: We found a 13.7 % prevalence of ESBL-E carriage in a population where ESBL-E carriage has not been described previously. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Africa merits further study, particularly given the high HIV prevalence and limited diagnostic and therapeutic options available