Synthetic Applications and Methodological Developments of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Related Compounds

Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes are convenient precursors to reactive and versatile 1,3-dipoles, and have found application in the synthesis of a variety of carbo- and heterocyclic scaffolds. This perspective review details our laboratory’s use of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes as intermediates toward the total synthesis of various natural products. We also discuss our work in the development of novel cycloadditions and rearrangements of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes and aziridines, as well as an example of an aryne insertion proceeding via fragmentation of a transient donor-acceptor cyclobutane

COTS AI/ML Technology for Data Fusion and Track Management

NPS NRP Project PosterExisting Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) technologies can automate the filtering and accuracy of multiple data streams into the Navy's Common Operating Picture/Common Tactical Picture (COP/CTP). However, this Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) software is not being leveraged effectively by the US Navy, specifically, the Information Warfare (IW) community for data fusion in support of track data management and targeting. Through analysis of current COTS AI/ML technologies, we will be able to posit how to optimize AI/ML software for accurate track data and disparate data source (such as GEOINT, radar data sets, and other imagery) fusion. We expect to find by completing a thorough analysis of track data and data sources input into AI/ML to fuse this informational data quickly and provide the most current/accurate intelligence. We will be able to proffer recommendations on how this all will be successfully accomplished. Additionally, the ROI of newly developed intelligence AI/ML technology (COP/CTP) will be evaluated. Once this research has been accomplished, specific improvements to various AI/ML algorithms for optimization may be examined and integration of any evaluated technology found during ROI research will be added.Commander, Naval Information Forces (COMNAVIFOR)U.S. Fleet Forces Command (USFF)This research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Increased Risk of Virologic Rebound in Patients on Antiviral Therapy with a Detectable HIV Load <48 Copies/mL

We investigated the independent effects of HIV-1 ”target not detected” measurements versus those that were detectable but below the limit of quantification by Taqman RT-PCR assay on subsequent viral rebound as there are conflicting data regarding the clinical implications of arbitrary or isolated low-level viremia. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to investigate the independent effects of the first HIV-1 load measurement after introduction of the Taqman RT-PCR assay (time-point 0 [T0]), pre-T0 viral loads, CD4 T cell count, race/ethnicity, gender, age and NNRTI use on risk of a confirmed VL >50, >200, >400 and >1000 copies/mL at 22 months follow-up in analyses of all patients and propensity-matched baseline cohorts. 778 patients had a viral load that was either not detected by RT-PCR (N = 596) or detectable, but below the limit of quantification (N = 182) at T0. Detectable viremia, lower T0 CD4 count, decreased age, and having detectable or unknown VL within a year prior to T0 were each associated with viral rebound to >50, >200 and >400 copies/mL. Overall failure rates were low and 1000 copies/mL. A majority of patients with rebound >200 copies/mL subsequently re-suppressed (28 of 53). A detectable VL <48 copies/mL was independently and significantly associated with subsequent viral rebound, and is cause for clinical concern

COTS AI/ML Technology for Data Fusion and Track Management

NPS NRP Executive SummaryExisting Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) technologies can automate the filtering and accuracy of multiple data streams into the Navy's Common Operating Picture/Common Tactical Picture (COP/CTP). However, this Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) software is not being leveraged effectively by the US Navy, specifically, the Information Warfare (IW) community for data fusion in support of track data management and targeting. Through analysis of current COTS AI/ML technologies, we will be able to posit how to optimize AI/ML software for accurate track data and disparate data source (such as GEOINT, radar data sets, and other imagery) fusion. We expect to find by completing a thorough analysis of track data and data sources input into AI/ML to fuse this informational data quickly and provide the most current/accurate intelligence. We will be able to proffer recommendations on how this all will be successfully accomplished. Additionally, the ROI of newly developed intelligence AI/ML technology (COP/CTP) will be evaluated. Once this research has been accomplished, specific improvements to various AI/ML algorithms for optimization may be examined and integration of any evaluated technology found during ROI research will be added.Commander, Naval Information Forces (COMNAVIFOR)U.S. Fleet Forces Command (USFF)This research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

F-35 MADL Data Integration for the Surface Force

NPS NRP Executive SummaryF-35 MADL Data Integration for the Surface ForceCommander, Naval Surface Forces (CNSF)This research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

F-35 MADL Data Integration for the Surface Force

NPS NRP Project PosterF-35 MADL Data Integration for the Surface ForceCommander, Naval Surface Forces (CNSF)This research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Many studies address cell migration using in vitro methods, whereas the physiologically relevant environment is that of the organism itself. Here we present a protocol for the mounting of Drosophila melanogaster embryos and subsequent live imaging of fluorescently labeled hemocytes, the embryonic macrophages of this organism. Using the Gal4-uas system1 we drive the expression of a variety of genetically encoded, fluorescently tagged markers in hemocytes to follow their developmental dispersal throughout the embryo. Following collection of embryos at the desired stage of development, the outer chorion is removed and the embryos are then mounted in halocarbon oil between a hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane and a glass coverslip for live imaging. In addition to gross migratory parameters such as speed and directionality, higher resolution imaging coupled with the use of fluorescent reporters of F-actin and microtubules can provide more detailed information concerning the dynamics of these cytoskeletal components

The Properties of the local Interstellar Medium and the Interaction of the Stellar Winds of epsilon Indi and lambda Andromedae with the Interstellar Environment

We present new observations of the Ly alpha lines of Epsilon Indi (K5 5) and A Andromedae (G8 4-3 + ?) These data were obtained by the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. Analysis of the interstellar H 1 and D 1 absorption lines reveals that the velocities and temperatures inferred from the H 1 lines are inconsistent with the parameters inferred from the D 1 lines, unless the H 1 absorption is assumed to be produced by two absorption components. One absorption component is produced by interstellar material. For both lines of sight observed, the velocity of this component is consistent with the velocity predicted by the local flow vector. For the Epsilon Indi data, the large velocity separation between the stellar emission and the interstellar absorption allows us to measure the H 1 column density independent of the shape of the intrinsic stellar Ly alpha profile. This approach permits us to quote an accurate column density and to assess its uncertainty with far more confidence than in previous analyses, for which the errors were dominated by uncertainties in the assumed stellar profiles

Evaluating Possible Heating Mechanisms Using the Transition Region Line Profiles of Late-Type Stars

Our analysis of high-resolution Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) spectra of late-type stars shows that the Si IV and C IV lines formed near 10(exp 5) K can be decomposed into the sum of two Gaussians, a broad component and a narrow component. We find that the flux contribution of the broad components is correlated with both the C IV and X-ray surface fluxes. For main-sequence stars, the widths of the narrow components suggest subsonic nonthermal velocities, and there appears to be a tight correlation between these nonthermal velocities and stellar surface gravity [xi(sub nc) varies as g(sup (-.68 +/-.07))]. For evolved stars with lower surface gravities, the nonthermal velocities suggested by the narrow components are at or just above the sound speed. Nonthermal velocities computed from the widths of the broad components are always highly supersonic. We propose that the broad components are diagnostics for microflare heating. Turbulent dissipation and Alfven waves are both viable candidates for the narrow component heating mechanism. A solar analog for the broad components might be the 'explosive events' detected by the High-Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph (HRTS) experiment. The broad component we observe for the Si IV lambda 1394 line of alpha Cen A, a star that is nearly identical to the Sun, has a FWHM of 109 +/- 10 km/s and is blueshifted by 9 +/- 3 km/s relative to the narrow component. Both of these properties are consistent with the properties of the solar explosive events. However, the alpha Cen A broad component accounts for 25% +/- 4% of the total Si IV line flux, while solar explosive events are currently thought to account for no more than 5% of the Sun's total transition region emission. This discrepancy must be resolved before the connection between broad components and explosive events can be positively established. In addition to our analysis of the Si IV and C IV lines of many stars, we also provide a more thorough analysis of all of the available GHRS data for alpha Cen A (G2 V) and alpha Cen B (K1 V). We find that the transition region lines of both stars have redshifts almost identical to those observed on the Sun: showing an increase with line formation temperature up to about log T = 5.2 and then a rapid decrease. Using the O IV] lines as density diagnostics, we compute electron densities of log n(sub e) = 9.65 +/- 0.20 and log n(sub e) = 9.50 +/- 0.30 for alpha Cen A and alpha Cen B, respectively

Seabed Warfare and Target Folder Processes (Continuation)

NPS NRP Project PosterProcesses used to collect, process, exploit, and disseminate certain data gathered in undersea environments, specifically intended to support target development, currently do not align with existing joint warfighting authorities, decision-making matrices, information-sharing alliances, vernacular, metrics, data systems, or data formats. Multiple other required future decisions about how best to translate seabed warfare into the joint arena rest on this foundational issue. This study intends to determine how best to physically transmit, archive, manipulate, and reference certain types of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance data. The resulting tasking, processing, collections, exploitation, and dissemination (TCPED) chain must exist in such a way that will enable the data to be equally usable as, and comparable to, other ISR data types that already conform to mature sets of processes recognized across all the Department of Defense, the national Intelligence Community, and many foreign military partners. Project team members envision that this will be a multi-year process, with the first year focusing on comparing and contrasting two types of existing processes. This second year will employ Monterey Phoenix computer simulation capabilities for best fit of information, organization and processes.Naval Undersea Warfighting Development Center (UWDC)U.S. Fleet Forces Command (USFF)This research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.