FAKTOR RISIKO ERGONOMI PADA KARYAWAN DI PABRIK PEMBUATAN MINUMAN KEMASAN, INDONESIA

Implementation of inappropriate ergonomics in worker can cause health problems. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is one of the health problems that often occur due to improper application of ergonomics. Every step in this beverage factory mostly has the potential for ergonomic risk. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional study design. Thetotal sample size of 309 has been systematic randomly selected from each department with proportional to size of the population. Data collection tools using BRIEFTM Survey and analyze the data with STATA. BRIEFTM igured the risk associated with posture, force, duration and incidence frequency of nine areas of the body. The results showed the prevalence of ergonomic risk occurring on the left and right sides of the elbows (73.14%). The prevalence of middleergonomic risk on the left side and wrist is 55.99% and right side 55.02% then the left side of the shoulder is 77.02% and the right side 63.11% after being behind is 55.02%. Suggestions for the company should perform particular program about the proper ergonomic position and working order in each department at the beverage factory

The role of Diabetes mellitus comorbidity on Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Nepal: A prospective cohort study

Aim: The Objective of this study was to assess the effect of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients in the Central Development Region of Nepal. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in central Nepal. The study population of n=408 was consecutively recruited from treatment centers of all 19 districts of central Nepal. The TB cases (n=306) and TB with DM (n=102) cases were followed up for the estimation of blood glucose level, HbA1c level, and sputum examination on 2, 5, and 6 months after TB treatment started. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was performed to identify the risk ratio among TB and TB with DM cases on treatment outcome. Results: Our study identified that the magnitude of treatment failure among the tuberculosis cases was 19.7% (95% CI: 17.44-21.95). The GEE analysis observed that factors associated with the treatment failure had uncontrolled DM (HbA1C ≥7 %) (adj.RR=5.24, 95% CI: 2.58-10.62, P value <0.001), aged ≥ 45 (adj.RR= 6.13, 95% CI: 2.55-14.76, P value <0.001), had inadequate financial status (adj.RR= 2.33, 95% CI: 1.07-5.06, P value 0.033) and had prior TB (adj.RR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.09-4.97, P value 0.028) respectively.  Conclusion: The prevalence of worsening TB treatment among patients with TB and DM was significantly higher than those who had TB only. Poor glycaemic control, increasing age, inadequate financial status, and previous history of tuberculosis were strong predictors of worsening tuberculosis treatment outcomes

Survival probability and prognostic factors for breast cancer patients in Vietnam

BackgroundBreast cancer is becoming a public health problem in Vietnam. The mortality to incidence ratio of the disease was ranked second among the most common cancers in women. This study estimates the survival probability at 1, 3, and 5 years following diagnosis and determines prognostic factors for breast cancer mortality in Vietnam.MethodsA survival analysis was conducted based on retrospective data from Hue Central Hospital and the Cancer Registry in Ho Chi Minh City. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the survival probability of patients with breast cancer was estimated at 1, 3, and 5 years following diagnosis. The covariates among prognostic factors for survival time were studied using an extended Cox proportion hazards model, including time-dependent predictors.ResultsOverall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years following diagnosis were 0.94, 0.83 and 0.74 respectively. Marital status, education level, stage at diagnosis, and hormone therapy were prognostic factors for mortality. For the stage at diagnosis, the relation to the risk of death for breast cancer was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.22–1.41). Married women faced a risk of death nearly 1.59 times higher than unmarried women (95% CI, 1.09–2.33). Women with higher levels of education and who received hormone therapy had approximately 10% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89–0.96) and 80% (HR: 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12–0.41) risk reduction of death respectively, compared with those classified as illiterate and those without hormone therapy.ConclusionsThe 5-year survival probability of breast cancer was lower in Vietnam than in countries with similar distributions of the stage at diagnosis. Screening programs and related support policies should be developed to increase the life expectancy of women with breast cancer in Vietnam

Factors Associated with Chemical Pesticide use among Farmers in Eastern Part of Cambodia

BACKGROUND: Chemical pesticides are known to have adverse impact on human health. However, little is known about the magnitude and factors influencing chemical pesticide use in Cambodia. The study aimed to describe and determine factors influencing chemical pesticide use among farmers in the Eastern part of Cambodia. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 287 farmers were selected by multistage random sampling proportional to size of the population from 8 communes in the Eastern part of Cambodia. The questionnaire was developed to measure variables under study. A multiple logistic regression was applied to estimate the factors influencing chemical pesticide use. RESULTS: 53.66% of the sample was female. Mean age= 41.01, and SD= 10.8 years old. The average monthly income was 460,000 Riel (112 US$). The illiteracy rate was 15.68%. All of these farmers planted rice, cassava and caisim. 72.13% of all farmers used chemical pesticide. 68.13% of 182 rice farmers used 2,4-D. 92.48% of 133 cassava farmers used glyphosate, and 54.89% used 2,4-D. 71.43% of 35 caisim farmers used fipronil, and 68.57% used malathion. Factors significantly associated with chemical pesticide use were illiteracy (OR= 2.60; 95% CI= 1.02 to 6.62; p= 0.045) and increase in farm size per m2 (OR= 2.12; 95% CI= 1.59 to 2.84; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Chemical pesticide use was very high in Cambodia. Some used prohibited chemical. Illiteracy and farm size affect chemical pesticide use among farmers in Cambodia. Keywords: chemical pesticide use, Cambodia, farme

Influence of behavioral and genetic variables on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged monks of Thailand

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications present a major health problem for the Thai people, including Buddhist monks. This study aimed to identify the influence of behavioural and genetic variables on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged monks of Thailand. The study analyzed data from the health data centre of the Department of Public Health, Thailand, focusing on middle-aged monks in 76 provinces across 12 regions. The study recruited 6,408 Thai monks who met inclusion and exclusion criteria between October 2015-November 2019. Multivariable analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model, with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals reported at a significance level of 0.05. Our study found that among the middle-aged monks of Thailand, 7.12% (95% CI: 6.49-7.78) had diabetes mellitus out of a total of 6,408. The results of our multivariable analysis showed that the following factors were associated with diabetes mellitus in monks of Thailand: respondents’ body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 (AOR=4.26, 95% CI: 3.08-5.90, p-value &lt;0.001), respondents with a family history of DM (AOR=3.37, 95% CI: 2.52-4.81, p-value&lt;0.001), and respondent’s age ranges of 55-59 (AOR=2.87, 95% CI: 2.26-3.84, p-value&lt;0.001), respectively. Diabetes millatus is significantly associated with the respondents who were obese, aged, and had a family history of DM. Therefore, a regular DM screening program as well as a timely health monitoring system for monks will enhance the diabetes control program in reducing the DM burden in Thailand

The Relationship between Exposure to Anti-Smoking Campaign, Knowledge, Family Support, and Smoking Habit, Among Male Workers in East Borneo, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the highest (46.16%) prevalence of smokers among the ASEAN countries. Some anti-smoking measures had been implemented. However, little was known for their effect. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking, and the relationship between exposure to anti-smoking campaign, knowledge, family support, and smoking habit, among male workers in East Borneo, Indonesia. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Samarinda, East Borneo, Indonesia. A sample of 311 male workers was selected at random from 10 subdistrics in Samarinda. The dependent variable was smoking behavior. The independent variable included exposure the anti-smoking campaign, knowledge about the damaging effect of tobacco smoking, and family support. A structured questionnare was developed to collect the data. A logistic regresion was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The prevalence of smokers was 45.6% (95%CI=40.09 to 51.23). Un-exposure to anti-smoking campaign (OR=2.24, 95%CI= 1.10 to 4.68; p=0.032), lacking in knowledge of the health damaging effect of tobacco smoking such as mouth and throat cancers (OR=2.43; 95%CI=1.16 to 5.06; p=0.018), and weak family support (OR= 2.07; 95%CI=1.09 to 4.50; p=0.006), were all associated with an increased probability of smoking. CONCLUSION: Nearly half of the Indonesian male workers living in Samarinda were smokers. Un-exposure to anti-smoking campaign, lacking in knowledge of the health damaging effect of tobacco smoking such as mouth and throat cancers, and weak family support, were all associated with an increased probability of smoking. The government should increase the frequency of anti-smoking campaign and improve its access. Keywords: anti-smoking campaign, smoking behavior, male worker

Determinants and barriers of prehospital emergency medical services utilization among general critical emergency patients in Thailand

This cross-sectional study identified the determinants and barriers of pre- hospital emergency medical services (EMS) utilization among general critical emergency patients in Thailand, using the data of general critical emergency patients (red zone) from the information technology for emergency medical system (ITEMS) of the National Emergency Medical Service Institute. The sample of 889 critical emergency patients was selected through multistage random sampling method. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. The findings indicated that 41.51% of general critical emergency patients used EMS through the EMS rescue hotline system of the National Institute of Emergency Medicine in which most of them were diabetic patients (24.75%). The determinants relating to EMS utilization of general critical emergency patients consisted of level of knowledge on EMS system (AdjOR: 5.77; 95%CI: 2.8-11.87), confidence in the safety of service utilization (AdjOR: 5.04; 95%CI: 3.65-6.98), recognition in service and severity of illness (AdjOR: 3.22; 95%CI: 2.17-4.76), service adequacy (AdjOR: 1.92; 95%CI: 1.41-2.63), educational background (AdjOR:1.69; 95%CI: 1.13-2.53), and service satisfaction (AdjOR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.07-1.21). Nearly half of the people were utilizing the EMS services in Thailand. However, required level of knowledge on EMS, confidence on safety on service utilization, service adequacy as well as patient’s educational background had tremendous role on the proper utilization of EMS

CAFFEINE BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR AMONG WORKING AGE GROUP IN KHON KAEN PROVINCE, THAILAND

BACKGROUND: A nonlinear association between coffee consumption and CVD risk was observed in meta-analysis. Moderate coffee consumption was inversely significantly associated with CVD risk, with the lowest CVD risk at 3 to 5 cups per day. Heavy coffee consumption was not associated with elevated CVD risk.There has been an increasing trend of caffeine beverage consumption in Thailand. However, little was known about the consumer behavior on caffeine beverage among the working age group in Thailand. This study aimed to describe caffeine beverage consumption behavior among working age group in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. A sample of 412 coffee drinkers aged 18-59 years old was selected by multistage random sampling from the working age population. A structured questionnaire was developed and tested for content validity by 3 experts. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.89. RESULTS: The majority of 412 coffee drinkers were female (59.95%), with the average age of 36.61±13.20 years old, married (64.32%), 36.41% finished senior high school and 25% working in agricultural sector. Their median monthly income (min, max) was 9,000 (0, 70000) baht. Over the past month, 88.83% reported consuming caffeine beverage (95%CI: 85.78% to 91.88%). Caffeine beverage most commonly consumed was cola (38.10%). The median amount of coffee (ml) per time (min, max) was 250 (180, 1500) ml. The median monthly expense (min, max) for caffeine beverage was 600 (90, 3000) baht. Most coffee drinkers got coffee beverage information from television (61.75%). However, only 27.67% had high level of knowledge on caffeine beverage. 75.00% thought it was easy to access, 65.29% liked the taste, 53.64% believed in the caffeine beverage advertisement. 58.28% perceived price was appropriate, and 41.26% thought caffeine beverage was good for health. CONCLUSION: Almost all of the working age group in Khon Kaen province, Thailand, drink caffeine beverage. Information, environment and marketing may have influence on their consumption behavior. Keywords: caffeine beverage, behavior, working age grou

Mental health status and quality of life among Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand

Background: Migrant workers have become a major issue for Thailand. Most of the migrants are from Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos. Most are employed in jobs referred to as the “3 Ds”; difficult, dangerous and dirty. However, little is known concerning the living and working conditions, or health-related quality of life of these migrant workers. This study aims to determine factors influencing the quality of life of Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,211 Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand, using multistage random sampling from eight districts of the two provinces (Sa Kaeo and Surin) with a structured questionnaire interview. The WHOQOL-BREF was used to measure Quality of Life (QOL) with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.77. Mental health status was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83. Descriptive statistics provide participant characteristics. Multilevel logistic regression (MLR) were used to determine which factors significantly impacted the outcome measures in terms of the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). P[less than]0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: About one third of these migrant workers had a poor quality of life (34.52%; 95%CI: 31.84-37.20), and had moderate-to-high levels of stress (67.96%; 95%CI: 65.33-70.59), and symptoms of depression (69.69%; 95%CI: 67.10-72.29). After controlling other covariate factors, the factors associated with poor QOL were a high level perceived of stress (AOR=3.64; 95%CI: 2.41-5.49; p[less than]0.001); living with family and relatives (AOR=3.63; 95%CI: CI 2.42-5.45; p[less than]0.001); and housing being provided by their employer (AOR=2.66; 95%CI: 1.74-4.08; p[less than]0.001).Conclusion: Stress was strongly associated with QOL. The living environment was found to be the next most influential factor on QOL. Mental health programs aimed at helping migrant workers to cope with stress and to improve their living conditions will help improve QOL in the target group