A Research Paper on a Study on the Impact of Mission, Message, Money and Media on Advertising Effectiveness: the Case of Coca Cola

A survey study was conducted in Addis Ababa between February 2002 and March 2002 on the title the impact of mission, message, money and media on advertising effectiveness with special reference to Coca-Cola company. To reveal whether advertising of the product is doing the right thing in relation to the attainment of objectives, transmission of appropriate message, budgeting and media selection, and also to examine the impact of effective advertising in the product preference of consumers. The data were by using self-administered questionnaire and unstructured interview. Media viewers were selected using a random sampling technique and the data were analyzed using descriptive analysts specially percentage and tabulation.Jimma Universit

Effect Of 6-Week Interval Training Protocol on Running Performance of Mesfin Industrial Engineering (Mie)Track Traniee Athletes

Interval Training is the newly used training program because of its effectiveness in developing both the aerobic and lactate energy systems. However, there are controversies due to different kinds of training program in choosing and using them to trains an athlete. Therefore, this study was aimed to see the effect of 6-week new interval training protocol on running performance of MIE track trainee athletes. Depending on scientific evidence researchers hypothesized that there will be significant difference between pre and post-test performance for middle (800m, 1500m) and long(3Km,5Km &10Km) distance runner. Longitudinal experimental research design was used; pertaining to data collection pre and post and athletes performed interval training 6- 8sessions over 6 weeks conducted on 15 male and 15 female elite athletes. Statistical analysis such as percentages, mean, standard deviation paired sample t-test, tables and figures by entering the data into SPSS version-20. Thirty elite athletes of age: 18±2yrs; height 167 ± 5.8centimeter; weight 51.2± 4.29Kg. Significance difference was observed at P<0.05. The athletes showed significant performance improvement in their respective events

Is Fiji's tourism sector on the right path to successfully recovering from the COVID-19 crisis? A rapid assessment

The COVID-19 global pandemic has brought far-reaching and complex repercussions. Small Island Nations (SINs) are particularly devastated by the pandemic because of their peculiar characteristics. One of the worst-affected Pacific countries is Fiji. The nation has suffered because of the shattering of its booming tourism sector for almost two years. However, on 1 December 2021, the country reopened its border thanks to the effort exerted to fast-reach one of the highest immunization rates globally. This paper offers a rapid assessment of the reopening process and the potential for Fiji’s tourism recovery and contributes to the current body of knowledge regarding tourism recovery in SINs

Demystifying the nexus between social media usage and overtourism: evidence from Hangzhou, China

Several destinations across the globe experience the challenge of overtourism. Literature identifies social media as one of the driving factors of overtourism. Although some prior studies have explored the relationship between social media and overtourism, the connection between the two still lacks a strong empirical validation. In light of this, we empirically established the relationship between social media usage (SMU) and overtourism, drawing upon Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT). Quantitative data were collected from 209 tourists who had visited Hangzhou and analysed using PLS-SEM. Research findings reveal that social media usage contributes to overtourism through the mediating effect of tourist flow concentration, even though the influence is weak. Consequently, only 10.2% of the variance in overtourism is explained by the model, suggesting a weak effect of social media usage on overtourism. Implications and limitations are discussed, and avenues for further research are suggested

Examining Tour Guides’ Service Quality in the World Heritage Sites of Gondar City, Northwest, Ethiopia

PURPOSE: The study intends to investigate tour guides’ service quality in the World Heritage sites of Gondar City, using Weiler and Black’s (2015) four domains of service quality assessment tool. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This research adopts a cross-sectional descriptive study design and employs a quantitative research approach with a systematic sampling technique to address its objectives. FINDINGS: Based on the four tour services quality domains of Weiler and Black (2015), Gondar City’s tour guides provide a relatively good quality of service. Among these four domains, mediating physical access and mediating encounters were properly delivered through enhanced interactions of tourists with local communities. Moreover, in the domain of mediating understanding, tour guides deliver consistent service and information for all visitors in line with the pre-planned tour package. However, the study reveals limitations of engaging visitors to co-create service experience. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: This study has some shortcomings. The research would result in more robust findings had it adopted a mixed-method research approach. Another limitation is related to the lack of methodological sophistication for the quantitative data. However, that was done intentionally since we aim to provide research beneficiaries with a straightforward and much simpler analysis for a better understanding. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The research findings offer crucial practical implications to the tour guides of Gondar City and Gondar City Administration Culture and Tourism Office in terms of enhancing the skills and professionalism of guides so that they execute their job efficiently and thereby satisfy tourists. Moreover, as the study specifically points out gaps and weaknesses of tour guides, it implies essential information for other stakeholders to take action. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Despite Gondar City’s rich accounts of history, culture and heritage with a promising tourism sector, thus far the tour guides have not been given adequate attention. This is a pioneering study in this respect that suggests crucial and timely implications

Does gastronomy determine visitors’ holiday destination choice? Empirical evidence based on a mixed-methods research approach

AbstractGastronomy emerges as one of the key components of visitors’ holiday experiences and increasingly shapes vacationers’ holiday destination choices. As an integral component of the tourist experience and destinations’ cultural heritage, gastronomy enhances visitors’ local and cultural understanding. Despite the increase in academic studies on gastronomy, there is still a scarcity of research that investigates whether gastronomy determines visitors’ holiday destination choices and the extent to which it does . To bridge this research gap, the current study examines whether gastronomy determines visitors’ holiday destination choice and explores the nexus between gastronomy and holiday destination image by adopting a mixed-methods research approach. We have collected data from 205 respondents, who represent 45 countries from all corners of the globe, using an online survey. Research findings show that for 87% of the respondents, gastronomy is one of the key factors that determine their holiday destination choice. Especially for Asian and African tourists, gastronomy plays a crucial role in determining their holiday destination choice compared to Europeans, Americans, and other tourists. Findings further demonstrate that gastronomy is intertwined with tourist destinations by creating a lasting destination image, complementing visitors’ holidays, and being one of the core destination products. Research findings offer substantial theoretical and practical implications for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) and catering establishments by highlighting the vitality of gastronomy as a core tourist destinations’ product. The study calls for pertinent tourism stakeholders to work together to develop, market, and manage resilient, competitive, and sustainable gastronomy niche tourism

Stakeholder collaboration as a major factor for sustainable ecotourism development in developing countries

202206 bckwNot applicableSelf-fundedPublished36 month

NGOs in ecotourism: patrons of sustainability or neo-colonial agents? Evidence from Africa

NGOs have become involved in ecotourism because of its potential to balance economic development, environmental conservation, and socio-cultural revitalisation. However, some critics have associated ecotourism with neo-colonialism and with the perpetuation of economic and political hegemonies because the concept has been advanced from the West. The present study adopts a qualitative research approach to explore the merits of two opposing views – that NGOs facilitate and advance sustainable development or that they are agents of neo-colonialism. The researchers focus on a nation which was spared the experience of colonisation – Ethiopia – to explore whether ecotourism practice can be accurately characterised as ‘neo-colonial’. Through a close examination of NGO involvement in ecotourism, the authors challenge the widely held view that NGOs use sustainable development as a pretext to promote neo-colonial ideas. The paper contributes to theory and practice by explaining the relationship between neo-colonialism and ecotourism. Implications and opportunities for future research are also discussed