364 research outputs found
Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on Agriculture on the proposal from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council (Doc. 1-844/80) for a Regulation amending Regulation (EEC) No 804/68 in respect of grant of export refunds by the tender system in the milk and milk product sector. EP Working Documents, document 1-697/81, 11 November 1981.
Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on Agriculture on the communication from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council (Doc. 1-685/80) on the social aspects in the Community sea-fishing sector. EP Working Documents, document 1-830/81, 8 December 1981.
Civil society contributions to local level flood resilience
There is an increasing emphasis on the local level as well as growing expectations regarding civil society actors in flood risk management in the UK. However, not enough is known about the potential contributions of civil society to flood resilience at the local level. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by conceptualising flood resilience at the local level across three phases inherent to flood disasters: pre-flood, during the flood, and post-flood. These phases act as the foundation for this paperâs exploration of the contributions of civil society to local level flood resilience. Data was collected before, during and after the floods through interviews (in 2015 and 2017) and from secondary data sources. The paper identified the importance of time and place when analysing civil society contributions to local level flood resilience. These contributions were dynamic over time with a strong initial response that diminished over time due to apathy, âactive forgettingâ and lack of further exposure. Exposure and a sense of community strongly influenced civil society contributions to flood resilience in the Upper Calder Valley. Issues of representation and varying place-based capacities were also identified as relevant for flood resilience-based policies. These results have larger implications in our understanding of the contributions of civil society actors to flood resilience and suggest that whilst they can deliver better local context-specific approaches, there needs to be caution over the long-term sustainability and longevity of their contributions
Socio-spatial inequalities in flood resilience: Rainfall flooding in the city of Arnhem
This paper critically analyses socio-spatial inequalities associated with the shift towards flood resilience in flood risk management (FRM) and pays particular attention to the notion of âliving with floodsâ and its implications for citizens. Living with floods and the narrative of âsurviving and thrivingâ are emphasised within flood resilience literature, but such discussions often ignore the varying socio-spatial vulnerabilities and capacities of citizens. This paper undertakes an exploration of potential socio-spatial inequalities for flood resilience in the Dutch city of Arnhem, which has recently experienced rainfall flooding and is actively encouraging citizen action in FRM. The paper follows a mixed-methods approach that combines secondary data sources, semi-structured interviews, and a document analysis. Three forms of socio-spatial inequalities in flood resilience were identified in Arnhem: existing inequalities exacerbated by the shift, âhiddenâ inequalities in vulnerability that are now relevant due to rainfall flood risk, and new inequalities in capacity to fulfil the responsibilities arising from the shift to âliving with floodsâ. The paper contributes to wider discussions on the shift towards flood resilience in FRM and helps city planners to consider the interactions between vulnerability and capacity in their different neighbourhoods when allocating public resources
Report drawn up on behalf of the Committeeon Agriculture on A. the proposals from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council (Doc. 1-893/83-COM(83) 548 final) for: I. a regulation amending Regulation (EEC) No. 804/68 on the common organization of the markets in milk and milk products. II. a regulation laying down general rules applying to the milk sector levy specified in Article 5(c) of Regulation (EEC) No. 804/68. III. a regulation laying down general rules applying to the milk sector levy specified in Article 5(d) of Regulation (EEC) No. 804/68. B. the proposals from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council (Doc. 1-996/83-COM(83) 611 final) for: I. a regulation amending Regulation (EEC No. 1723/81 as regards the possibility of granting aids for the use of butter in the manufacture of certain food-stuffs. II. a regulation amending Regulation (EEC) No. 1411/71 as regards the fat content of drinking milk. III. a regulation laying down general rules on the granting of aid for concentrated skimmed milk and concentrated milk for use as animal feed. IV. a regulation amending Regulation (EEC) No. 1269/79 with regard to the terms for the disposal of butter at a reduced price for direct consumption. C. the proposal from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council (Doc. 1-1113/83)-COM(83) 644 final) for a regulation amending Regulations (EEC) No. 1078/77 introducing a system of premiums for the non-marketing of milk and milk products and for the conversion of dairy herds.
Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on Agriculture on the proposal from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council (Doc. 1-832/79) for a regulation laying down for 1980 certain measures for the conservation and management of fishery resources applicable to vessels flying the flag of Norway. EP Working Documents 1980-1981, Document 1-39/80, 24 March 1980
The protein puzzle : the consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union
In het rapport 'The protein puzzle. The consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union' brengen onderzoekers van het Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL) in kaart wat de gevolgen van de productie en consumptie van dierlijke eiwitten zijn voor milieu, natuur en gezondheid. Vervolgens schetst het PBL welke opties er in Europees verband zijn om de negatieve effecten te verminderen. Met deze studie verschaft het PBL relevante feiten en cijfers ten behoeve van het debat over eiwitconsumptie, inclusief een indicatie van de onzekerheden daarbij
Framing the FRAM: A literature review on the functional resonance analysis method
The development of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) has been motivated by the perceived limitations of fundamentally deterministic and probabilistic approaches to understand complex systemsâ behaviour. Congruent with the principles of Resilience Engineering, over recent years the FRAM has been progressively developed in scientific terms, and increasingly adopted in industrial environments with reportedly successful results. Nevertheless, a wide literature review focused on the method is currently lacking. On these premises, this paper aims to summarise all available published research in English about FRAM. More than 1700 documents from multiple scientific repositories were reviewed through a protocol based on the PRISMA review technique. The paper aims to uncover a number of characteristics of the FRAM research, both in terms of the method's application and of the authors contributing to its development. The systematic analysis explores the method in terms of its methodological aspects, application domains, and enhancements in qualitative and quantitative terms, as well as proposing potential future research directions
X-Ray Observations of the supernova remnant G21.5-0.9
We present the analysis of archival X-ray observations of the supernova
remnant (SNR) G21.5-0.9. Based on its morphology and spectral properties,
G21.5-0.9 has been classified as a Crab-like SNR. In their early analysis of
the CHANDRA calibration data, Slane et al. (2000) discovered a
low-surface-brightness, extended emission. They interpreted this component as
the blast wave formed in the supernova (SN) explosion. In this paper, we
present the CHANDRA analysis using a total exposure of ~150 ksec. We also
include ROSAT and ASCA observations. Our analysis indicates that the extended
emission is non-thermal -- a result in agreement with XMM observations. The
entire remnant of radius ~ 2'.5 is best fitted with a power law model with a
photon index steepening away from the center. The total unabsorbed flux in the
0.5-10 keV is 1.1E-10 erg/cm2/s with an 85% contribution from the 40" radius
inner core. Timing analysis of the High-Resolution Camera (HRC) data failed to
detect any pulsations. We put a 16% upper limit on the pulsed fraction. We
derive the physical parameters of the putative pulsar and compare them with
those of other plerions (such as the Crab and 3C 58). G21.5-0.9 remains the
only plerion whose size in X-rays is bigger than in the radio. Deep radio
observations will address this puzzle.Comment: 23 pages including 11 figures and 3 tables; accepted by ApJ June 22,
2001; to appear in Oct 20, 2001 issue of Ap
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