Cinema programs as a source for research on historical film audiences. Berlin 1945–1949

In my paper, I analyse programs from cinemas in all four sectors of occupied Berlin from 1945 to 1949. I focus primarily on ads. Looking at cinema programs allows me to conduct research on local audiences by taking into consideration the social structure of the German population under occupation, the Berliners’ mobility between the sectors and – if possible – the viewers’ habits before, during and after the screenings. The analysis is based on research done at the archives of the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek in Berlin. The programs collected from the SDK are not representative in terms of statistics, though. The SDK owns programs from 44 Berlin cinemas from the years 1945–1949 (unfortunately all incomplete) making up approximately 20 percent of all the cinemas in the city during that period. As a result, I examined about 400 programs.This book was financially supported by the National Programme for the Development of Humanities: project “Cinema: Intercultural Perspective. Western-European Cinema in Poland, Polish Cinema in Western Europe. Mutual Perception of Film Cultures (1918–1939)”; Research on this paper was enabled by a grant from the Polish National Science Centre, number 2012/05/D/HS2/03490. My thanks to Lisa Roth and Regina Hoffmann from the Archive Deutsche Kinemathek for their help and comments as well as to Anna Labentz for editing this paper

Institutional model of corporate social responsibility

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the structure of a model emphasizing the role of formal and informal institutions in implementing the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Design/Methodology/Approach: In the article the following research methods were applied: method of literature critical analysis allowing to assess the knowledge on the impact of institutions on the effects of CSR concept implementation, methods of analysis and synthesis allowing to present in a comprehensive and multifaceted manner the research issue and identification of factors which determine developing the socially responsible business model and modelling methods implementing the idea of CSR. Findings: The social and economic reality proves that in the modern, very complex and global world, institutions are becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the concept of CSR should include the institutional environment because the quality of institutions, both formal and informal, influences the quality of binding standards and social values.The quality of institution is also affecting the social culture, development of social awareness and sensitivity e.g., regarding natural environment issues and civil society, living conditions and level of education; therefore, factors which are particularly emphasised in the idea of CSR. Practical Implications: The conducted analysis revealed that reference literature presented only marginally the role of formal and informal institutions in developing the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In order to close this gap, the article presents the model of CSR emphasizing the importance of institutions and their role in implementing the concept of CSR. The proposed model may contribute to achieving better results within the implementation of CSR in practice, in the area of economic rationality, natural environment as well as social and economic, moral, ethical, traditional and cultural life. Originality/Value: The proposed model is a progressive model presenting in an optimal manner the concept of CSR from the perspective of formal and informal institutions. The model of CSR concept taking into account the institutions may become ground for further in-depth research into this concept and constitute the imperative in rationalizing the concept of CSR in practice.peer-reviewe

Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu

The aim of the article is to present the socio-economic effects resulting from the neoliberal model that has been a dominant model in the last couple of decades. The main thesis is that the model has marginalised the social aspect of economics. Hence, economics today is searching for answers to new and old questions, including how to shape the economic regime in the framework of which economics as a discipline could serve not only a selected group of people but society as a whole. These expectations can be largely fulfilled by corporate social responsibility (CSR) that is based on ethics, morality, responsibility and solidity.Głównym celem pracy jest próba zaprezentowania następstw społeczno-gospodarczych powstałych w wyniku dominacji przez kilka dekad modelu neoliberalnego. Myślą przewodnią jest stwierdzenie, że tryumfujący od kilku dekad model neoliberalny zmarginalizował społeczny wymiar ekonomii. Ekonomia znajduje się współcześnie w stadium poszukiwania odpowiedzi na stare i nowe pytania. Dotyczą one również kierunku kształtowania ładu gospodarczego, w ramach którego ekonomia jako nauka służyłaby nie tylko wybranej grupie społecznej, ale całemu społeczeństwu. Oczekiwania te w dużym stopniu spełnić może idea społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, która opiera się na takich wartościach, jak etyka, moralność, odpowiedzialność i rzetelność

Erotic and Obscene Works by Adam Naruszewicz – Inspirations, Metaphors, Vocabulary

Artykuł ukazuje sposoby przedstawiania tematyki dotyczącej sfery seksualnej w wierszach erotycznych Adama Naruszewicza, jednego z głównych poetów polskiego Oświecenia. Utwory te potraktowano jako ciekawe świadectwo stosunku autora do tabu obyczajowego oraz językowego. Zostały one omówione w trzech wyodrębnionych przez autorkę grupach tekstów: I. Autentyczne literackie obscena erotyczne; II. Obrazki obyczajowe o zdarzeniach erotycznych, fraszki, anegdoty; III. Metaforyczne ujęcia seksualności.The paper investigates the ways in which the sexual sphere is presented in erotic poems by Adam Naruszewicz, a major poet of the Polish Enlightenment. The works are treated as an interesting testimony to the writer’s attitude to social and linguistic taboos. The author of the paper distinguishes and discusses three groups of texts: I. Authentic literary obscene erotica; II. Sketches of manners with erotic subjects, epigrams, anecdotes; III. Metaphorical depictions of sexuality

Ethicality of the behaviour of the officers of state institutions and the representatives of business

W gospodarce rynkowej podstawowym zadaniem instytucji państwowych jest ograniczenie niepewności przez wyznaczanie ram wpływających na podejmowanie działań i decyzji wszystkich podmiotów. Od efektywności instytucji, przyjętego przez nie systemu działania oraz jego spójności, zależy skuteczność realizacji wyznaczonych strategii i planów społeczno-gospodarczych. Nieskuteczne i nieetycznie działające instytucje mogą wywoływać narastanie zjawisk patologicznych i nie pozwolić z jednej strony na swobodny, bez narzucania niepotrzebnych ograniczeń rozwój wszystkich podmiotów w gospodarce, z drugiej natomiast – doprowadzić do sytuacji, w której odsłonią się niekontrolowane objawy zwierzęcej natury, skłaniające do nieracjonalnych, nazbyt ryzykownych czy wręcz szkodliwych zachowań. Wywołuje to potrzebę wypracowania przez państwo mechanizmów, które godziłyby wymogi efektywności ekonomicznej, społecznej i politycznej z jednoczesnym uszanowaniem norm etycznych. Celem opracowania jest wykazanie, że kwestie powiązań pomiędzy etycznie postępującymi reprezentantami instytucji państwowych a etycznym postępowaniem przedstawicieli biznesu są niedostatecznie dostrzegane i doceniane oraz że wprowadzenie systemu etycznego, złożonego z ocen obiektywnych, implikuje w efekcie etyczną samoregulację podmiotów społeczno-gospodarczych i rozwój ekonomiczny państwa.In a market economy, the main task of state institutions is to reduce uncertainty by setting frameworks that affect actions and decisions of all the actors in the market. The effectiveness of the implementation of socio-economic strategies and plans depends on the efficiency of the system adopted and its coherence. Ineffective and unethical institutions may lead to an accumulation of pathological phenomena. On the one hand they hinder the free, and not unreasonably restricted, development of all actors in the market, and on the other hand they may lead to a situation in which the uncontrollable symptoms of ‘animal instinct’ will come into play, provoking irrational, too risky or even harmful behaviours. This in turn raises the need to develop state mechanisms that reconcile the requirements of economic, social and political efficiency whilst at the same time respecting ethical standards. The aim of the study presented in this article was to demonstratethat the correlation between ethically acting of representatives of state  institutions and the ethical behaviour of business representatives is not sufficiently recognised and appreciated, and that the introduction of a system of ethics, consisting of objective assessments, implies the ethical selfregulation of socio-economic entities and of the economic development of the state

History, culture and alcohol: Drinking patterns in Poland and Australia

It is a widely held view in Poland that for centuries those in power have promoted heavy drinking among their subjects in order to achieve their various goals and that this contributed to the development of Polish drinking patterns. There is some empirical evidence that the political economy of alcohol in Poland promoted heavy drinking among the Polish population. Drinking alcohol in Poland was an important aspect of social situations. The most popular beverage was vodka(s). Social pressure to drink in the extreme was attributed to the tradition of hospitality. Cultural norms encouraged very heavy drinking among men and imposed heavy social sanctions on women who were supposed to display virtues of abstinence. The typical model of drinking was intermittent very heavy drinking, leading to intoxication on most occasions. These norms reinforced the notion that we can drink more because we are Poles and the view that safe drinking messages are designed for other nations because Poles are accustomed to drinking strong alcohol, unlike others . Adult male informants reported drinking much less in Australia than in Poland. The biggest change was a lack of social pressure to drink. Although men claimed that they drink less, some still drink in an unsafe manner. These were largely those whose English skills restricted their employment and friendship networks. Women, on the other hand, admitted that in Australia they drink more often and more alcohol at a sitting than in Poland. Although informants did not mention any alcohol-related family problems in Australia, others reported alcohol related violence within some families. Some safety messages about alcohol do not reach this sample of people. Many view drink driving rules as purely revenue raisers for the government. However, advice from their medical practitioners to reduce their alcohol intake for serious health reasons is given more credibility. Young Polish Australians formed two groups in their attitude to drinking. The first group consisted of people who attended tertiary educational institutions and consumed alcohol in a similar fashion to other Australian students. It is likely that the university environment influenced their drinking patterns. Those who witnessed drinking at home and perceived it as a good thing, modelled their drinking on their parents\u27 and other adults at home. Others, who perceived their parents as non-drinkers, learned to drink from their friends and displayed similar drinking patterns to their peers. The second group was older; some were in the workforce and manifested drinking patterns akin to those in the general Australian population in the same age bracket. Both groups of these young Polish Australians were much more aware of alcohol health messages and more likely to modify their behaviours such as not to drink and drive, than was the older population. However, other drinking related health warnings were largely disregarded. This research demonstrates the negative impact of reduced government funding for English programs and ethno-specific services for migrant groups. More research is needed on migrant drinking in Australia, specifically among those groups whose drinking continues to be problematic

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN THEORY AND IN PRACTICE. SELECTED ISSUES

The increased interest in creating socially responsible business model results from various reasons. The most important ones include: recently frequently acceptable need to apply the so-called sustainable development concept, need for civil society development, increased clarity of business activity and its consequences, including elimination of corruption and unethical behaviour in business and implementation of good practices in relations with a wide group of stakeholders. The study aims at analysing selected issues related to CSR from the point of view of theoretical assumptions, as well as business practice, and presenting the importance of CSR concept from the point of view of social and economic stability

Determination of Near-Neighbour Bonding in the Mn-Implanted GaSb Crystals

Materials / States of matte

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN THEORY AND IN PRACTICE. SELECTED ISSUES

The increased interest in creating socially responsible business model results from various reasons. The most important ones include: recently frequently acceptable need to apply the so-called sustainable development concept, need for civil society development, increased clarity of business activity and its consequences, including elimination of corruption and unethical behaviour in business and implementation of good practices in relations with a wide group of stakeholders. The study aims at analysing selected issues related to CSR from the point of view of theoretical assumptions, as well as business practice, and presenting the importance of CSR concept from the point of view of social and economic stability