172 research outputs found
Of sound mind and body: depression, disease, and accelerated aging
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a high rate of developing serious medical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, dementia, osteoporosis, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. These are conditions that typically occur late in life, and it has been suggested that MDD may be associated with âaccelerated aging.â We review several moderators and mediators that may accompany MDD and that may give rise to these comorbid medical conditions. We first review the moderating effects of psychological styles of coping, genetic predisposition, and epigenetic modifications (eg, secondary to childhood adversity). We then focus on several interlinked mediators occurring in MDD (or at least in subtypes of MDD) that may contribute to the medical comorbidity burden and to accelerated aging: limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alterations, diminution in glucocorticoid receptor function, altered glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, excitotoxicity, increases in intracellular calcium, oxidative stress, a proinflammatory milieu, lowered levels of âcounter-regulatoryâ neurosteroids (such as allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone), diminished neurotrophic activity, and accelerated cell aging, manifest as alterations in telomerase activity and as shortening of telomeres, which can lead to apoptosis and cell death. In this model, MDD is characterized by a surfeit of potentially destructive mediators and an insufficiency of protective or restorative ones. These factors interact in increasing the likelihood of physical disease and of accelerated aging at the cellular level. We conclude with suggestions for novel mechanism-based therapeutics based on these mediators
Improving Project Logistics by using IoT
This BachelorŽs thesis is made on behalf of WÀrtsilÀ Energy Solutions, Project Logistics & Transport Management department whose main task is to coordinate and ensure that materials and products are transported to the right place and on time in Project Logistics.
This thesis examines how you could improve WÀrtsilÀŽs Project Logistics by using Internet of Things. By developing IoT, there has been an increased chance to get more information about transports than before and WÀrtsilÀ is currently looking for new solutions to use that could improve their current logistics system. The purpose of this thesis is to review new, and used, solutions on the market, and then see what could work in practice at WÀrtsilÀ.
Material to this thesis are gathered from books, web pages and articles that reviewed interesting IoT solutions and which also gave examples on different solutions that are used by other companies in the same business.
The Result is two different methods that could improve WÀrtsilÀŽs Project Logistics in different occasions. These results are intended to give tips on how IoT could improve the departmentŽs ways of coordinating and check transports and logistics within a project.Detta examensarbete Àr gjort i uppdrag av WÀrtsilÀ Energy Solutions, Project logistics & Transport Management avdelningen vars huvuduppgift Àr att koordinera och se till att material och produkter transporteras till rÀtt plats i rÀtt tid inom projekt logistiken.
Examensarbetet behandlar hur man kunde förbÀttra WÀrtsilÀs projekt logistik genom att anvÀnda Internet of Things. Genom att IoT har utvecklats har det uppstÄtt möjligheter att fÄ fram mer information om transporter Àn tidigare och WÀrtsilÀ söker för tillfÀllet nya lösningar som kunde anvÀndas för att förbÀttra deras nuvarande logistiksystem. Syftet med arbetet Àr att gÄ igenom nya, men Àven redan befintliga, lösningar som anvÀnds pÄ dagens marknad - för att sedan se vad som kunde fungera i praktiken hos WÀrtsilÀ.
Material till arbetet Àr samlat frÄn böcker, webbsidor och artiklar som gick igenom intressanta IoT lösningar och som ocksÄ gav exempel pÄ hur olika system fungerar och anvÀnds av andra företag inom samma bransch.
Slutresultatet blev tvÄ olika metoder som kunde förbÀttra WÀrtsilÀs projekt logistik vid olika tillfÀllen. Dessa resultat Àr tÀnkta för att ge tips pÄ hur IoT kunde förbÀttra avdelningens sÀtt hur man koordinerar och granskar transporter och logistiken inom ett projekt
Cognition and resective surgery for diffuse infiltrative glioma: an overview
Compared to classical oncological outcome measures such as time to progression and survival, the importance of cognitive functioning in patients with diffuse infiltrative brain tumors has only recently been recognized. Apart from the relatively low incidence and the invariably fatal outcome of gliomas, the general assumption that cognitive assessment is time-consuming and burdensome contributes to this notion. Our understanding of the effects of brain surgery on cognition, for instance, is largely based on studies in surgical patients with refractory epilepsy, with only a limited number of studies in surgical patients with gliomas. The impact of other factors affecting cognition in glioma patients such as direct tumor effects, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and medical treatment, including anti-epileptic drugs and steroids, have been studied more extensively. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of cognition in patients with diffuse infiltrative gliomas and the impact of resective surgery as well as other tumor and treatment-related factors
Leukocyte Telomere Length in Major Depression: Correlations with Chronicity, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress - Preliminary Findings
Depression is associated with an unusually high rate of aging-related illnesses and early mortality. One aspect of âaccelerated agingâ in depression may be shortened leukocyte telomeres. When telomeres critically shorten, as often occurs with repeated mitoses or in response to oxidation and inflammation, cells may die. Indeed, leukocyte telomere shortening predicts early mortality and medical illnesses in non-depressed populations. We sought to determine if leukocyte telomeres are shortened in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), whether this is a function of lifetime depression exposure and whether this is related to putative mediators, oxidation and inflammation.Leukocyte telomere length was compared between 18 unmedicated MDD subjects and 17 controls and was correlated with lifetime depression chronicity and peripheral markers of oxidation (F2-isoprostane/Vitamin C ratio) and inflammation (IL-6). Analyses were controlled for age and sex.The depressed group, as a whole, did not differ from the controls in telomere length. However, telomere length was significantly inversely correlated with lifetime depression exposure, even after controlling for age (p<0.05). Average telomere length in the depressed subjects who were above the median of lifetime depression exposure (â„9.2 years' cumulative duration) was 281 base pairs shorter than that in controls (p<0.05), corresponding to approximately seven years of âaccelerated cell aging.â Telomere length was inversely correlated with oxidative stress in the depressed subjects (p<0.01) and in the controls (p<0.05) and with inflammation in the depressed subjects (p<0.05).These preliminary data indicate that accelerated aging at the level of leukocyte telomeres is proportional to lifetime exposure to MDD. This might be related to cumulative exposure to oxidative stress and inflammation in MDD. This suggest that telomere shortening does not antedate depression and is not an intrinsic feature. Rather, telomere shortening may progress in proportion to lifetime depression exposure
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