Löhne und Beschäftigung: Was wissen wir mehr als vor 25 Jahren? (Wages and employment * what more do we know than 25 years ago?)

"This article, which serves as the introduction to the special issue focusing on 'wages and employment', deals with the key developments of the past 25 years in this area of research. First, the latest insights and findings of macro- and microeconomic theory as well as of empirical knowledge on the explanation and quantification of the relationship between wage level, wage structure and employment as well as of employment structure are the centre of attention, with the relevant progress in econometry also being acknowledged. Then, the importance of wage rigidities is dealt with, which are significant both from a macro- and a microeconomic point of view, and which have been at the centre of scientific and economic-policy discussions particularly in recent years. Finally, wage-policy conclusions are examined briefly. What becomes obvious is that a negative relationship between wages and employment can be detected far more clearly nowadays than a quarter of a century ago. This is equally true on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis with a micro- and macroeconomic background, even if, when based on disequilibrium models, for the latter no positive employment effects due to reductions in real wages can be expected in times of recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Lohntheorie, Beschäftigung, Lohnstarrheit

Investitionen, Weiterbildung und betriebliche Reorganisation (Investments, further training and company reorganization)

"The correlations between investments, reorganization and further training existing at company level are examined in this paper. A production theory approach in conjunction with an optimisation calculation of the companies shows that the variables focused on here are mutually dependent on one another. If the model analysis is expanded by a few plausibility considerations on possible company developments, the initially simple and clearly manageable structure becomes more complex and counter-effects can occur. This is why it is not possible to formulate any clear hypotheses on the interdependency effects of the variables of investments, reorganization and further training as a point of departure for an empirical analysis. The empirical study is based on the data of the IAB establishment panel of the years 1997-2000. The focus of research is a simultaneous triangular equation model with further training, reorganization and investments as the variables to be studied. The key results are: there is a mutually interdependent relationship between reorganization measures and investments. Although further training is encouraged by real capital investments, the reverse correlation cannot be found. Clear relationships between further training and reorganization measures only exist if individual measures are analysed. All in all, simultaneous relationships between investments, reorganization measures and further training schemes can be empirically proven. Delayed adjustment processes partly interfere with them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))organisatorischer Wandel, IAB-Betriebspanel, Unternehmensorganisation, Arbeitsorganisation, Investitionen, betriebliche Weiterbildung, Produktinnovation, Westdeutschland, Ostdeutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Stellvertreterpolitik in der Legitimitätskrise? Bedingungen und Grenzen von Aktivierung und Mobilisierung

In Deutschland sind die Beziehungen zwischen Kapital und Arbeit in einer Weise strukturiert, institutionalisiert und als symbolische Ordnungsvorstellung charakterisiert, die als "sozialpartnerschaftlich" bezeichnet wird. Für den Kompromisscharakter dieser Ordnung ist typisch, dass sich dessen Legitimität aus Sicht der Arbeitnehmer vor allem an der angemessenen Beteiligung an den Ergebnissen - dem Output: v.a. Entgelt, Beschäftigungssicherheit, Qualität der Arbeit - bemisst. Ansprüche auf Beteiligung an Entscheidungen und Entscheidungsverfahren, dies zeigen unsere empirischen Befunde, sind in Bezug auf den Nahbereich der Arbeit sehr stark ausgeprägt, Ungerechtigkeitserfahrungen verbreitet. Beteiligung und Mitwirkung an interessenpolitischen Entscheidungen spielen dagegen in vielen Fällen vor allem als Stellvertreterbeteiligung eine Rolle. Jedoch finden sich auch Beispiele für eine Dynamisierung von Anspruchsverletzungen, die zu einer (Selbst-)Aktivierung und Mobilisierung von Beschäftigten führen - wir beleuchten deren Bedingungen und Grenzen.The idea and 'spirit' of 'social partnership' has fulfilled an important legitimizing function in the German system of industrial relations. It provided a symbolic and normative framework for a specific institutionalization of class compromise within German capitalism. The 'logic of legitimation' of this compromise is focused on the distribution of outcome (wages, employment security, working time etc.) according to the principle of equity (not equality). Input-legitimation (participation on decision-making) is based on a professionalized, centralized (and stable) interest representation - this delegation of participation is legitimate as long as a 'fair' share of the outcome is secured. This article asks whether delegated participation is still seen as a legitimate form of interest representation, and presents some empirical evidence on the conditions of direct employee participation and mobilization

Linking communities of practice with learning communities in computer science education

MoKEx (Mobile Knowledge Experience) is an international project in cooperation with universities and industrial partners. The project focuses on didactical, organizational and technical problems with regard to blended learning and knowledge management scenarios. In a project-based learning approach students of two different universities are being prepared for their future work. They are working on real-world problems in an interdisciplinary team and are collaborating within a geographically and temporally separated team. Therefore means for communication and collaboration over the Internet must be provided. From the didactical perspective the aspects of autodidactic education and team learning are playing an important role, while teachers are acting primarily as coaches. In the meantime the results of the first execution of the project have been enhanced and put into operation by the companies and a second execution has been started.Education for the 21 st century - impact of ICT and Digital Resources ConferenceRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Akademischer Lebenslauf und Forschungstätigkeit

Dieser Band dokumentiert Reden, die anlässlich der Verleihung der Ehrendoktorwürde an Professor Dr. Klaus Garber am 5. Februar 2003 im Warburg-Haus gehalten wurden.This volume documents speeches given at the award ceremony for the award of the honorary doctorate to Professor Dr. Klaus Garber on February 5, 2003 in the Warburg-Haus

Deciphering archeological contexts from the magnetic map: Determination of daub distribution and mass of Chalcolithic house remains

The unique size and development of prehistoric megasites of the north Pontic Cucuteni-Tripolye Chalcolithic groups (4100–3600 BCE) challenge modern archeology and paleoecology. The extremely large number of houses (approximately 3000, mostly burned) necessitates the development of multidisciplinary technologies to gain a holistic understanding of such sites. In this contribution, we introduce a novel geophysical methodology and a detailed analysis of magnetic data – including evolved modeling techniques – to provide critical information about the setup of findings, enabling a thorough understanding of the settlement dynamics, apart from invasive excavation techniques. The case study is based on data from magnetic field maps and distribution maps of the daub and pottery find categories. This information is used to infer magnetic models for each find category to numerically calculate their magnetic fields for comparison with the archeological data. The comparison quantifies the sensitivity of the magnetic measurements with respect to the distribution of the different find categories. Next, via inversion computation, the characteristic depth functions of soil magnetization are used to generate maps of magnetization from the measured magnetic field maps. To validate the inverted soil magnetization maps, the magnetic excavation models are used, providing an interpretational frame for the application to magnetic anomalies outside excavated areas. This joint magnetic and archeological methodology allows estimating the find density and testing hypotheses about the burning processes of the houses. In this paper, we show internal patterns of burned houses, comparable to archeological house models, and their calculated masses as examples of the methodology. An application of the new approach to complete megasites has the potential to enable a better understanding of the settlement structure and its evolution, improve the quality of population estimations, and thus calculate the human impact on the forest steppe environment and address questions of resilience and carrying capacity

The influence of forcing schemes on the diffusion properties in pseudopotential-based Lattice Boltzmann models for multicomponent flows

In dem Vortrag wird gezeigt, wie die Wahl eines Forcing Schemas (bspw. von Shan & Doolen (1995) oder He & Doolen (1998)) über die Chapman-Enskog Entwicklung zu einem vom Forcing abhängigen Diffusionskoeffizienten für Mehrphasenströmungen führt. Der kritische Wert von G wird danach bestimmt und bekannte in der Literatur ad hoc verwendete Beziehungen abgeleitet (Huan et al. (2007)), sowie für tau=1 der bisher nicht erklärbare Shift um den Faktor 2 abgeleitet. Simulationen zeigen die exzellente Übereinstimmung des Diffusionskoeffizienten bspw. mit dem Fick’schen Gesetz für unterschiedliche Werte von G.The talk presents the influence of the choice of forcing schemes in pseudopotential-based LBM methods for multi-phase flows (e.g. Shan & Doolen (1995) or He & Doolen (1998)) on the diffusion coefficient, obtained via Chapman-Enskog analysis. The critical value of G is obtained und known relations used in the literature are subsequently derived based on this theory (e.g. Huan et al. (2007)). The often observed shift at tau=1 for the critical value of G can be directly derived. Simulation show excellent agreement between the diffusion coefficient and Fick’s law for various values of G