Pocket money and child effort at school

In this paper, we study the relationship between the provision of parental pocket and the level of effort undertaken by the child at school. Under altruism, an increased amount of parental transfer should reduce the child's effort. Our empirical analysis is based on a French data set including about 1,400 parent-child pairs. We find that children do not undertake less effort when their parents are more generous.

Labor opportunities against family intergenerational exchange

We study a model of domestic transfers based on exchange in which children can either work or provide services to their parents to earn some money. Using a French survey, we show that there exist attention-payment mechanisms to the young children from the parents, but these exchanges disappear when children can enter the labor market.

Canadian Association of Research Libraries Faculty Survey: Executive Summary of Findings / Synthèse de l\u27enquête menée sur le corps professoral par l\u27association des bibliothèques de recherche du Canadae

Analyse et synthèse de l\u27enquête menée auprès du corps professoral de 10 universités canadiennes par l\u27association des bibliothèques de recherche du Canada

Waste Not, Want Not: The Potential for Urban Water Conservation in California

The largest, least expensive, and most environmentally sound source of water to meet California's future needs is the water currently being wasted in every sector of our economy. This report, "Waste Not, Want Not," strongly indicates that California's urban water needs can be met into the foreseeable future by reducing water waste through cost-effective water-saving technologies, revised economic policies, appropriate state and local regulations, and public education

UK survey of academics 2015

Research is changing. New technology brings increased computational power and virtual representation of physical objects, allowing us to pose and answer previously unimaginable research questions. Big data can be mixed, linked and mined to reveal new unsuspected connections. Enhanced connectivity allows us to collaborate beyond traditional geographic and disciplinary boundaries. Funders demand greater demonstration of impact and engagement with non-academic communities and audiences. As research changes, so do researchers. Their behaviour and expectations shift, evolving to take advantage of new opportunities or responding to changing requirements from their funders or institutions. The researcher of today works in a very different environment to that of even just 20 years ago. Those, either on or above campus, whose role it is to support researchers need to understand these changes, adapt the services they offer to new requirements and anticipate future changes. In an ideal world they would even develop these services before the researchers realised they needed them! This report is the second Ithaka S+R/ Jisc / RLUK survey of UK academics. It asks of the UK research community their views on resource discovery, their use of these resources (online and digital), attitudes to research data management, and much more. It provides a powerful insight into how researchers view their own behaviour and the research environment within the UK today

Peripheral Lymph Node Addressins are Expressed on Skin Endothelial Cells

The term “peripheral node addressins” describes a set of several endothelial adhesion molecules, which collectively bind to L-selectin and react with monoclonal antibody MECA-79. They regulate lymphocyte recirculation through peripheral nodes. Their expression is thought to be restricted to a specialized vascular segment within the node, called the high endothelial venule. In certain chronic skin diseases, however, postcapillary venules of the skin may also acquire a high endothelial venule-like morphology. Employing immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections, we found these skin endothelial cells – like peripheral node high endothelial venules – to be reactive with monoclonal antibody MECA-79. Tissue lysates from the same specimens were then analyzed by immunoprecipitation using recombinant human L-selectin Fc-chimeras followed by immunoblotting using monoclonal antibody MECA-79. In contrast to peripheral node endothelium, which mainly expressed peripheral node addressin moieties of molecular sizes 90–110 kDa and 160 kDa, endothelial cells in cutaneous T cell lymphoma skin lesions expressed an additional and not yet defined 220 kDa peripheral node addressin-like molecule. Most surprisingly, even in normal skin specimens, we found a distinct subset of endothelial cells located around hair follicles constitutively expressing 90–110 kDa peripheral node addressin-like moieties. It is intriguing to speculate that – in analogy to the role of peripheral node addressins in peripheral nodes – the induced expression of peripheral node addressins in chronic T cell mediated skin diseases is responsible for a sustained lymphocyte recruitment. The constitutive expression of peripheral node addressins on perifollicular endothelium may serve for a continuous lymphocyte recirculation through normal skin

Understanding Strategically Important Populations: Assessing the Information Practices, Needs, and Perceptions of International Graduate Students

Objective: International student enrollment in the United States has grown considerably in the last decade. International graduate students now represent a significant portion of graduate students in the United States and graduate students represent a significant portion of the total number of international students. Colleges and universities increasingly rely on international students for tuition and fee revenue, which is often significantly higher than the tuition and fees paid by domestic students. International enrollment is not evenly distributed across institutions or geographic areas and indeed international enrollment is quite prominent at some institutions. Only eight universities – one of which is the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign – have more than 10,000 international students and as such, international students represent a strategically important population at the University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign. Methods: To gain insights into the information practices, needs, and perceptions of the international graduate students at Illinois, the University Library partnered with Ithaka S+R to develop an international module for the Ithaka S+R Graduate/Professional Student Survey to gather additional data from the international students. Results: Some of the findings from the survey confirm results previously reported in the literature, while other findings raise questions about commonly-held beliefs about language difficulties and prior library experience shaping library use and research practices. In addition, this is the first known library user study to investigate the impact of whether students completed their undergraduate degrees in the United States or in another country on their information behavior and perceptions. Conclusion: This session will share findings from the survey and how those findings can inform the Library’s service strategy for a strategically important population. Session attendees have the opportunity to reflect on their own institutions’ strategically important populations and their libraries’ efforts to meet their needs.Ope

Community College Librarians and the ACRL Framework: Findings from a National Study

This study explored community college librarians’ engagement with the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. A national online survey with 1,201 community college librarian respondents reveals limited familiarity with and integration of the Framework into community college instruction to date. Findings indicate an openness to future adoption, as well as substantial interest in targeted professional development and a version of the Framework adapted for community college campuses. These results contribute benchmark instructional data on an understudied section of academic librarianship and add to the growing body of research on how librarians have updated teaching practices in response to the Framework

The role of local atmospheric forcing on the modulation of the ocean mixed layer depth in reanalysis and a coupled single column ocean model

The role of the local atmospheric forcing on the ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) over the global oceans is studied using ocean reanalysis data products and a single-column ocean model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. The focus of this study is on how the annual mean and the seasonal cycle of the MLD relate to various forcing characteristics in different parts of the world's ocean, and how anomalous variations in the monthly mean MLD relate to anomalous atmospheric forcings. By analysing both ocean reanalysis data and the single-column ocean model, regions with different dominant forcings and different mean and variability characteristics of the MLD can be identified. Many of the global oceans' MLD characteristics appear to be directly linked to different atmospheric forcing characteristics at different locations. Here, heating and wind-stress are identified as the main drivers; in some, mostly coastal, regions the atmospheric salinity forcing also contributes. The annual mean MLD is more closely related to the annual mean wind-stress and the MLD seasonality is more closely to the seasonality in heating. The single-column ocean model, however, also points out that the MLD characteristics over most global ocean regions, and in particular the tropics and subtropics, cannot be maintained by local atmospheric forcings only, but are also a result of ocean dynamics that are not simulated in a single-column ocean model. Thus, lateral ocean dynamics are essentially in correctly simulating observed MLD