Scootering on: An investigation of children’s use of scooters for transport and recreation

Non-motorised scooters have increased significantly in popularity over the last few years in New Zealand, following similar trends in the US, Australia, Canada and Europe. Non-motorised scooters are an important source of recreation, transport and exercise and children of all ages enjoy riding them to and from school and in skate parks. Along with the increase in popularity and use of the scooters, New Zealand is also experiencing a considerable increase in the numbers of injuries to children, with a notable spike in ACC claims in the 2011-12 year. Whilst most of the injuries are moderate – dislocations, fractures, lacerations and soft-tissue injuries – an increase in the number of severe injuries, and at times, even fatalities is also evident. Boys tend to be injured more frequently than girls and the median age for injury is nine years. Most injuries occur at home, with public roads the next most likely location. International literature shows similar trends world-wide. Numbers of scooter injuries are escalating and an intervention to minimise harm and reduce risk is considered imperative in all regions. The evidence shows that children are not wearing protective equipment (such as helmets) when travelling on a non-motorised scooter and there is no legal requirement for them to do so. Elbow and knee pads – and even footwear – were conspicuously absent amongst children observed in fieldwork undertaken for this project. Children routinely use basic scooters for activities unsuited to their design and on terrain that poses further risks. It was also evident that children scootering to school were not subject to the same regulations as those cycling to school and there appears to be a general lack of awareness of the risks associated with scootering. We therefore propose the following recommendations as means by which we might minimise the risks and reduce harm to children: o Amend the current cycle helmet legislation to include the riders of all wheeled recreational devices, irrespective of the age of the rider; o Introduce school policies requiring that helmets and footwear are worn when scootering to and from school; o Implement a minimum age for scootering to and from school; o Extend the coverage of existing school training programmes on road safety in general and safe scootering in particular; o Require compulsory distribution of point-of-sale information packs on the risks of scooters and the protective equipment options available; o Ensure continued funding of current community resources and training initiatives o Further research on scooter accidents and associated risk factor

Heartfruit

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 523-524).This novel, Heartfruit, challenges the traditional fann novel as practised specifically by Afrikaans writers in South Africa and challenged by a younger generation of writers, post 1980. It therefore challenges the genre of fann novel. The rewrite of the fann novel presupposes a critical view on social and economic relationships within a rural context and the usurping of traditional power relationships within the fanning context. This novel traces the story of a South African fruit fann and the fann' s transition from a traditional white-held ownership to a new dispensation of collective ownership where traditional roles of worker and landowner are redefined. The story explores the economic relationships and legal issues surrounding fanning and the export of fruit from South Africa. Time-wise the novel stretches from the 1970's to approx the tum of the 20th century. As a historical novel it also deals with a private relationship and the public implications of this relationship within a changing political and economical space. The novel begins with the main male protagonist, a fruit fanner traveling in Europe in search of funding and new markets, here at the end of the 1990' s. The latter half of this decade has seen the opening up of trade for individual growers and agents in South Africa to access international markets, without governmental control through the old Marketing Board system. He has an accident in the home of his estranged brother in Holland, whereby he lands up in hospital. Here he has time to reflect and consider his private history as well as his future and the fragile prospects of the new fann structurc he has implemented. In essence the novel speaks of a broader human experience of loss and guilt as well as the struggle to reach out and build relationships. The title of the novel, Heartfruit is derived from the common name of the tree Hymenocardia acida, which is a tree indigenous to Southern Africa. The fruit of the tree is in the shape of a deeply indented heart, turning red and conspicuous when mature. In African culture, the fresh leaves are placed in the roof of a house to protect it from lightning. The root ashes and the bark are also used for various oral and stomach conditions

The effects of oiling and rehabilitation on the breeding productivity and annual moult and breeding cycles of African penguins

Includes bibliographical references

Wedding tourism in South Africa: an exploratory analysis

Abstract: Niche forms of tourism are a growing focus in tourism scholarship. One little explored form of niche tourism is the specialized micro-niche of wedding tourism. Within the growing literature that deals with niche forms of tourism in South Africa there has thus far been minimal attention given to the notion of wedding tourism. This article addresses this investigatory void through an exploratory analysis of the wedding tourism industry in South Africa in general and more specifically of Gauteng, the country‟s major population hub. The empirical material centres on the spatial organisation of wedding venues in South Africa with evidence from Gauteng as the principal focus. The findings show that „place matters‟ both in the choice of venues by international or domestic consumers and the existence of distinct clusters of venues which are unrelated to patterns of population. Interviews reveal that wedding tourism is a growing activity for many hospitality businesses and commonly linked also to business tourism with the hosting of conferences. The expanding profitability of wedding tourism has attracted new hospitality businesses to enter this niche market and correspondingly to raise levels of competition in this niche form of tourism

ACAP advice for reducing the impact of pelagic longline fishing operations on seabirds

The incidental mortality of seabirds, mostly albatrosses and petrels, in longline fisheries continues to be aserious global concern and was the major reason for the establishment of the Agreement on theConservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP). In longline fisheries seabirds are killed when theybecome hooked and drowned while foraging for baits on longline hooks as the gear is deployed. Theyalso can become hooked as the gear is hauled, although many of these seabirds can be released alive withcareful handling. ACAP routinely reviews the scientific literature regarding seabird bycatch mitigation infisheries, and on the basis of these reviews updates its best practice advice. The most recent review wasconducted in May 2016 at ACAP´s Seabird Bycatch Working Group and Advisory Committee meetings(ACAP 2016), and this document presents a distillation of that review for the consideration of theWCPFC Scientific Committee. A combination of weighted branch lines, bird scaring lines and nightsetting remains the best practice approach to mitigate seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries.Changes in this regard only applied to the recommended minimum standards for line weighting regimes,now updated to the following configurations: (a) 40 g or greater attached within 0.5 m of the hook; or (b)60 g or greater attached within 1 m of the hook; or (c) 80 g or greater attached within 2 m of the hook. Inaddition, ACAP endorsed the inclusion in the list of best practice measures of two hook-shielding devicesas stand-alone mitigation measures. Such hook-shielding devices encase the point and barb of baitedhooks until a prescribed depth or time immersed to prevent seabird becoming hooked during line setting.The following performance requirements were used by ACAP to assess the efficacy of hook-shieldingdevices in reducing seabird bycatch: (a) the device shields the hook until a prescribed depth of 10 m orimmersion time of 10 minutes is reached; (b) the device meets current recommended minimum standardsfor branch line weighting; and (c) experimental research has been undertaken to allow assessment of theeffectiveness, efficiency and practicality of the technology against the ACAP best practice seabird bycatchmitigation criteria. ACAP recognizes that factors such as safety, practicality and the characteristics of thefishery should also be taken into account when considering the efficacy of seabird bycatch mitigationmeasures and consequently in the development of advice and guidelines on best practice.Fil: Favero, Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Wolfaardt, Anton. No especifíca;Fil: Walker, Nathan. No especifíca;12th Regular Session of the Scientific CommitteePohnpeiMicronesiaWestern and Central Pacific Fisheries Commissio

The effect of heat and compression on the behaviour of flask press springs

P

The applicability of some marketing principles to the Gospel

The primary objective of this study irav to test the applicability of some marketing principles to the Gospel. The secondary objective was to ascertain a correlation between the growing and declining churches and their respective adherence to or rejection of marketing principles. A new concept of marketing - the stewardship marketing concept - had to be formulated to satisfy the unique character of the Gospel. This broadened stewardship marketing concept allows the Gospel to be described as an intangible product which can be promoted, distributed and exchanged for scarce resources. Man's inability to 'sell' an excellent product like the Gospel dearly asks for a new distribution system to promote the Gospel This new distribution system, defined as a multi-channel vertical marketing system, can supplement and does not necessarily become a substitute for existing church structures

Population trends of Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis Papua breeding at the Falkland Islands

The fourth archipelago-wide census of Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua breeding at the Falkland Islands was conducted from 24 October to 8 December 2010. The number of Gentoo Penguins breeding in 2010 was estimated to be 132 321 ± 2 015, the highest number of breeding pairs recorded for this species at the Falkland Islands since the first survey in 1933. The global population of Gentoo Penguins is conservatively estimated to be about 384 000 breeding pairs, of which the Falkland Islands accounts for 34%, probably the largest component of the global population. Annually monitored study colonies accounted for 20% of the total number of Gentoo Penguin breeding pairs at the Falkland Islands in 2010 and proved to be a reliable proxy for archipelago-wide changes in the number of breeding pairs. Recent trends at annually monitored study colonies, combined with archipelago-wide trends, indicate that the number of Gentoo Penguins breeding at the Falkland Islands has increased between 2005 to 2010. However, annual monitoring data also revealed large inter-annual variability in the number of breeding pairs, which makes assessing systematic population changes challenging

A case study of transdisciplinarity and biomimicry: The restoration of water systems using eco-machines within the informal Berg River community

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Berg River catchment, which originates in the Drakenstein Mountains, has significant agricultural and economic relevance. Greywater and stormwater drainage from informal settlements such as Langrug near Franschhoek into the catchment is often the result of insufficient infrastructure, especially to service shack dwellings. This leads to ecosystem degradation, with far-reaching negative implications, including human health risks, and contamination of agricultural produce, which have caused tensions among the various inhabitants of the catchment and thus have driven the need for sustainable and economically viable solutions. The Genius of SPACE (GoS) project is an attempt to address the life-world problem of contamination of the Berg River due to untreated greywater entering the system from the informal settlement of Langrug. Invariably, the design of such intervention requires involvement of various disciplines ranging from civil engineering to ecology. However, there is ample evidence that water management and sanitation in these settings present complex challenges that cannot be resolved purely from a technical perspective and therefore an attempt was made by applying a transdisciplinary (TD) approach to actively include, from the initial stages, the community for the at-source treatment of the greywater, as opposed to planning towards piping the greywater to a treatment plant before entering the Berg River. An important component of GoS’s initial plan was the installation of Eco-Machines, which essentially consist of a series of tanks that resemble constructed wetlands / mimic natural wetlands through which the water flows; each subsequent tank having a different biota and improved water quality. The TD approach was thus applied in an effort to ensure inclusion of the community as active participants in project design without their involvement becoming the primary focus of the project, but rather a means to achieve the overall goal of contributing to the creation of an environment conducive to human dignity and health. Presented here is a report, in the form of two journal articles, on the progress made in this on-going project, the need to adapt and modify, lessons learned and reflection on future initiatives.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Bergrivier, met sy oorsprong in die Drakenstein Berge is van beide landbou en ekonomiese belang. Onvoldoende infra-struktuur, veral om informele nedersettings te bedien, lei dikwels tot hoë vlakke van grys- en stormwater afloop vanuit informele nedersettings soos Langrug naby Franschhoek wat tot ernstige besoedeling van dié opvangsgebied lei. Dit hou nadelige gevolge in vir ekosisteem gesondheid met ver-reikende gevolge wat ook ‘n bedreiging is vir mense-gesondheid en kontaminasie van landbou produkte. Laasgenoemde is dikwels die oorspong van spanning tussen die inwoners van die opvangsgebied en noodsaak dus volhoubare en ekonomies lewensvatbare ingryping. Die “Genius of SPACE (GoS; Systems for Peoples Access to a Clean Environment) projek is ‘n daadwerklike poging om oplossings te vind vir die problem wat onstaan het a.g.v. die onbehandelde gryswater wat in die Bergrivier invloei vanaf die Langrug informele nedersetting. Die ontwerp van sodanige intervensie vereis uiteraard die betrokkenheid en insette van verskeie dissiplines vanaf siviele ingeneurswese tot ekologie. Daar is egter oortuigende voorbeelde dat water bestuur en sanitasie in sulke ostandighede komplekse vraagstukke skep wat moeilik opgelos kan word vanuit ‘n suiwer tegniese benadering, en daarom was ‘n poging aangewend d.m.v. die volg van ‘n trans-dissiplinêre (TD) benadering om gemeenskaps-betrokkenheid van die begin af te verseker vir die behandeling van gryswater by die bron, in teenstelling met die afvoer daarvan met pype tot by ‘n konvensionele aanleg vir behandeling voor storting in die Bergrivier. Die aanvanklike plan van GoS was om sg. Eko-masjiene te installeer, wat vergelyk kan word met kunsmatige vleilande, of ‘n namaak van natuurlike vleilande d.m.v. ‘n reeks tenks waardeer die water vloei; met verskillende biota in elke opeenvolgende tenk soos wat water gehalte verbeter. Die TD benadering het gepoog om aktiewe deelname van die gemeenskap te bewerkstellig, maar terselfdertyd moet dit nie die primêre fokus te word nie. Die deelname moes meehelp tot pogings gemik op die bevordering van ‘n omgewing waar menswaardigheid en gesondheid bevorder word. Hier word verslag gedoen op die vordering wat gemaak is tot hede, met verwysing na behoefte vir aanpassing enverandering wat opgemerk is, lesse wat geleer is, asook oorweging van moontlike toekomstige inisiatiewe