Youth Violence Myths and Realities: A Tale of Three Cities

A study of media coverage of youth violence, actual crime data, and interviews with committed youth and the professionals that work with them

Assignments and Transfers Affecting Federal Diversity Jurisdiction

This comment examines the application of section 1359 to assignments and transfers which affect federal diversity jurisdiction. Throughout the following discussion, the focus is directed toward the determination of more uniform standards for the interpretation of the statute. The purpose of section 1359, from which general guidelines may be drawn, is examined in part I. Part II includes a survey of cases which have dealt with assignments and transfers to invoke or defeat federal diversity jurisdiction. Certain factors the courts have relied on, and certain rules they have developed, in attempting to answer the questions posed above will be explained, and the decisions will be evaluated in light of the guidelines established in part I

Judge Frederick G. Hamley

Noting the retirement of UW Law alum Judge Hamley from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Nnth Circuit

Cooling requirements fueled the collapse of a desert bird community from climate change.

Climate change threatens global biodiversity by increasing extinction risk, yet few studies have uncovered a physiological basis of climate-driven species declines. Maintaining a stable body temperature is a fundamental requirement for homeothermic animals, and water is a vital resource that facilitates thermoregulation through evaporative cooling, especially in hot environments. Here, we explore the potential for thermoregulatory costs to underlie the community collapse of birds in the Mojave Desert over the past century in response to climate change. The probability of persistence was lowest for species occupying the warmest and driest sites, which imposed the greatest cooling costs. We developed a general model of heat flux to evaluate whether water requirements for evaporative cooling contributed to species' declines by simulating thermoregulatory costs in the Mojave Desert for 50 bird species representing the range of observed declines. Bird species' declines were positively associated with climate-driven increases in water requirements for evaporative cooling and exacerbated by large body size, especially for species with animal-based diets. Species exhibiting reductions in body size across their range saved up to 14% in cooling costs and experienced less decline than species without size reductions, suggesting total cooling costs as a mechanism underlying Bergmann's rule. Reductions in body size, however, are unlikely to offset the 50 to 78% increase in cooling costs threatening desert birds from future climate change. As climate change spreads warm, dry conditions across the planet, water requirements are increasingly likely to drive population declines, providing a physiological basis for climate-driven extinctions

California Corrections at the Crossroads (FOCUS)

California was once a leader in innovative corrections legislation and programming. However, over the last 20 years, a number of factors have left the state with a huge and dysfunctional criminal justice system in dire need of reform. This publication addresses the many issues that contribute to the need for major reforms in the California corrections system and the first strategic steps toward achieving those reforms

The Incarceration of Women in California

This articles addresses why the California prison system needs broad reform aimed toward providing female offenders the support structure necessary to maximize their opportunities for success

Human Systems Integration: Requirements and Functional Decomposition

This deliverable was intended as an input to the Access 5 Policy and Simulation Integrated Product Teams. This document contains high-level pilot functionality for operations in the National Airspace System above FL430. Based on the derived pilot functions the associated pilot information and control requirements are given

Heterozygote Expression in Propionyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Deficiency DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MAJOR COMPLEMENTATION GROUPS

A B S T R A C T We measured propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase (PCC) activity in extracts of skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood leukocytes from controls and obligate heterozygotes for PCC deficiency. 6 heterozygotes were from the pcc A complementation group; 12 were from the other major complementation group, designated pcc C. Mean PCC activity in fibroblast extracts from pcc A heterozygotes was 52% of that in controls, whereas mean PCC activity in pcc C heterozygotes was indistinguishable from that of controls. Similar results were obtained with extracts of peripheral blood leukocytes. In none of eight families (three pcc A and five pcc C) in which PCC activity was studied in both parents of an affected child were significant intrafamilial differences observed. The activities of two other mitochondrial enzymes (13-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase and glutamate dehydrogenase) were comparable in controls and both groups of heterozygotes. Whereas the data from pcc A heterozygotes are consistent with expected gene dosage effects, those from pcc C heterozygotes are not. Inasmuch as mammalian PCC is a large molecular weight tetramer, each protomer of which is probably composed of two nonidentical subunits, the latter results are most consistent with unbalanced rates of synthesis and(or) degradation of the two subunits in normal cells with compensatory balancing in pcc C heterozygotes

BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY IN JUVENILE MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25135/1/0000568.pd

Next generation software environments : principles, problems, and research directions

The past decade has seen a burgeoning of research and development in software environments. Conferences have been devoted to the topic of practical environments, journal papers produced, and commercial systems sold. Given all the activity, one might expect a great deal of consensus on issues, approaches, and techniques. This is not the case, however. Indeed, the term "environment" is still used in a variety of conflicting ways. Nevertheless substantial progress has been made and we are at least nearing consensus on many critical issues.The purpose of this paper is to characterize environments, describe several important principles that have emerged in the last decade or so, note current open problems, and describe some approaches to these problems, with particular emphasis on the activities of one large-scale research program, the Arcadia project. Consideration is also given to two related topics: empirical evaluation and technology transition. That is, how can environments and their constituents be evaluated, and how can new developments be moved effectively into the production sector