46 research outputs found
Study of surface chemical changes and erosion rates for CV-1144-O silicone under electron cyclotron resonance oxygen plasma exposure
Single Enzyme Studies Reveal the Existence of Discrete Functional States for Monomeric Enzymes and How They Are “Selected” upon Allosteric Regulation
Regulation of immune cell function and differentiation by the NKG2D receptor
NKG2D is one of the most intensively studied immune receptors of the past decade. Its unique binding and signaling properties, expression pattern, and functions have been attracting much interest within the field due to its potent antiviral and anti-tumor properties. As an activating receptor, NKG2D is expressed on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. It recognizes stress-induced MHC class I-like ligands and acts as a molecular sensor for cells jeopardized by viral infections or DNA damage. Although the activating functions of NKG2D have been well documented, recent analysis of NKG2D-deficient mice suggests that this receptor may have a regulatory role during NK cell development. In this review, we will revisit known aspects of NKG2D functions and present new insights in the proposed influence of this molecule on hematopoietic differentiation
Raw Juice Concentration by Osmotic Membrane Distillation Process with Hydrophobic Polymeric Membranes
Proceedings du 23ème Conseil Solvay de Chimie "New Chemistry and New Opportunities from the Expanding Protein Universe": World Scientific Publishing
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Study of surface chemical changes and erosion rates for CV-1144-O silicone under electron cyclotron resonance oxygen plasma exposure
CV-1144-O silicone thin films were irradiated in an electron cyclotron resonance oxygen plasma, which is a simulation of the low earth orbital environment. A crude equivalence between this plasma system and the low earth orbital environment was determined by measuring Kapton weight loss in the plasma and comparing to Kapton weight loss in space experiments. Changes in optical properties and erosion rates under ultraviolet light and atomic oxygen radiation were studied using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The erosion rate at the beginning of the plasma exposure was significantly faster than that at later stages. Approximately one third of the total silicone thickness was etched away within 1 h, which according to the equivalence experiment, corresponds to about two months in low earth orbit. The refractive index of silicone in the visible range increased during the exposure, indicating that the film was being densified. Optical constants (both before and after plasma exposure) were determined by ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry in the ultraviolet– visible–near-infrared (0.7–8.5 eV) and IR (200–7000 cm-1) ranges. Also, SE was used to map thickness and uniformity before and after radiation. Regression fits using Lorentzian and Gaussian oscillators as parametric models for the optical constants were excellent, and the major absorption peaks in the IR region were identified. The before- and after-radiation spectra showed significant decreases in CH3-associated peaks and increases in SiOx-associated peaks
Quantitative Metaproteomics and Activity-Based Probe Enrichment Reveals Significant Alterations in Protein Expression from a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Tandem
mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics of distal gut
microbiomes is exceedingly difficult due to the inherent complexity
and taxonomic diversity of the samples. We introduce two new methodologies
to improve metaproteomic studies of microbiome samples. These methods
include the stable isotope labeling in mammals to permit protein quantitation
across two mouse cohorts as well as the application of activity-based
probes to enrich and analyze both host and microbial proteins with
specific functionalities. We used these technologies to study the
microbiota from the adoptive T cell transfer mouse model of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD) and compare these samples to an isogenic control,
thereby limiting genetic and environmental variables that influence
microbiome composition. The data generated highlight quantitative
alterations in both host and microbial proteins due to intestinal
inflammation and corroborates the observed phylogenetic changes in
bacteria that accompany IBD in humans and mouse models. The combination
of isotope labeling with shotgun proteomics resulted in the total
identification of 4434 protein clusters expressed in the microbial
proteomic environment, 276 of which demonstrated differential abundance
between control and IBD mice. Notably, application of a novel cysteine-reactive
probe uncovered several microbial proteases and hydrolases overrepresented
in the IBD mice. Implementation of these methods demonstrated that
substantial insights into the identity and dysregulation of host and
microbial proteins altered in IBD can be accomplished and can be used
in the interrogation of other microbiome-related diseases
Quantitative Metaproteomics and Activity-Based Probe Enrichment Reveals Significant Alterations in Protein Expression from a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Tandem
mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics of distal gut
microbiomes is exceedingly difficult due to the inherent complexity
and taxonomic diversity of the samples. We introduce two new methodologies
to improve metaproteomic studies of microbiome samples. These methods
include the stable isotope labeling in mammals to permit protein quantitation
across two mouse cohorts as well as the application of activity-based
probes to enrich and analyze both host and microbial proteins with
specific functionalities. We used these technologies to study the
microbiota from the adoptive T cell transfer mouse model of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD) and compare these samples to an isogenic control,
thereby limiting genetic and environmental variables that influence
microbiome composition. The data generated highlight quantitative
alterations in both host and microbial proteins due to intestinal
inflammation and corroborates the observed phylogenetic changes in
bacteria that accompany IBD in humans and mouse models. The combination
of isotope labeling with shotgun proteomics resulted in the total
identification of 4434 protein clusters expressed in the microbial
proteomic environment, 276 of which demonstrated differential abundance
between control and IBD mice. Notably, application of a novel cysteine-reactive
probe uncovered several microbial proteases and hydrolases overrepresented
in the IBD mice. Implementation of these methods demonstrated that
substantial insights into the identity and dysregulation of host and
microbial proteins altered in IBD can be accomplished and can be used
in the interrogation of other microbiome-related diseases