164 research outputs found
30-Year-Long Changes in Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna of Niebieskie ŹródłA (Blue Springs) Nature Reserve in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Central Poland
The article focuses on changes in terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Niebieskie Źródła (Blue Springs) Nature Reserve that occurred between two censuses carried out in the area. The first census was carried out in the period of 1968-1970, and the second census in the period of 1998-1999. In 1998-1999 the occurrence of four species of amphibians, 41 of birds and 15 of mammals was recorded. In comparison with investigations from 1968-1970 two species of amphibians, two species of mammals, and nine species of birds were found to have disappeared from the reserve. In the census carried out in 1998 and 1999 we recorded 22 new species of vertebrates: one new species of amphibian, five species of mammals, and 16 species of birds. The recent observations showed a decline in the abundance of amphibian species in the reserve, especially in the closest vicinity to the urban development around the city of Tomaszów Mazowiecki. The quantitative data on birds showed an increase in the numbers and abundance, which was mainly pronounced in the group of forest species, especially cavity and shrub nesters. We suggest that these changes are directly related to the succession of forest vegetation and its developing vertical structure, as well as to an increase in the forestation of the reserve area
Breeding raptors in Łagiewniki forest in 2009-2010
Three breeding species of raptors were observed in Łagiewnicki Forest in 2009-2010
(number of breeding pairs): Common Buzzard Buleo buteo (5-6 pairs), Goshawk Accipiter gentilis
(5 pairs), Sparrowhawk A ccipiter nisus (6 - 8 pairs). In the paper, the changes in raptor’s number
during last 50 years are described and possible reasons of the changes are discussed.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
The most important bird areas in the Łódź District
The eight areas of European or/and domestic importance for birds of Central
Poland are presented in this paper. Jeziorsko and Sulejów Reservoirs; valleys of Pilica,
Bzura, Ner and Grabia rivers; ponds in Walewice and ponds near Łowicz "Okręt” and "Rydwan” as well as Pilicka Forest and Zaięcze Landscape Park are described in the
respect of bird communities and their potential risk assessment. Criteria for identification
of other areas of local importance are proposed and 10 subsequent areas fulfilling them
are listed.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Shortening day length as a previously unrecognized selective pressure for early breeding in a bird with long parental care
Several different selective pressures have been
suggested to explain an intense competition for early return
to breeding grounds in birds. In this study we hypothesized
that shortening day length during summer months may
constitute additional selective force acting towards early
breeding in avian species with long parental care. To test
this hypothesis, we studied time budget and foraging
activities of early-nesting and late-nesting white storks
Ciconia ciconia from the Central-European population. We
found that duration and distance of foraging trips increased
significantly over the course of the reproductive season.
The relative frequency of foraging trips increased at the
expense of other activities, such as resting, plumage
maintenance, and nest maintenance. Mean daily foraging
duration increased with increasing day length in the early
part of the season, with 0.68 h of foraging per individual
per 13.16 h of day length in mid-April increasing to 7.42 h
of foraging per individual during solstice (16.61 h of day
length). Afterwards, mean foraging duration continued
increasing in spite of decreasing day length, reaching
11.63 h of foraging per individual per 14.92 h of day
length at the end of the season in mid-August, when storks
were forced to continue foraging after sunset in order to
meet energy requirements of fledglings. The results suggest
that shortening day length during summer months may constitute a serious time constraint on food delivery rates to offspring for late-breeding pairs of white storkEuropean Social Fund and the Polish National Budget in the
D-RIM project of the Human Capital Programm
The measurement of the adhesion force between ceramic particles and metal matrix in ceramic reinforced-metal matrix composites
This paper presents the method for measurement of the adhesion force and fracture strength of the interface between ceramic particles and metal matrix in ceramic reinforced-metal matrix composites. Three samples with the following Cu to Al2O3 ratio (in vol.%) were prepared: 98.0Cu/2.0Al2O3, 95.0Cu/5.0Al2O3 and 90Cu/10Al2O3. Furthermore, microwires which contain a few ceramic particles were produced by means of electro etching. The microwires with clearly exposed interface were tested with use of the microtensile tester (Fig. 1). The microtensile tester consists of two stages, to which two endings of the microwire are fixed. The first stage is able to measure force with the precision equal to 0.1 mN. The microwires usually break exactly at the interface between the metal matrix and ceramic particle. The force and the interface area were carefully measured and then the fracture strength of the interface was determined. The strength of the interface between ceramic particle and metal matrix was equal to 59±8 MPa and 59±11 MPa in the case of 2% and 5% Al2O3 to Cu ratio, respectively. On the other hand, it was significantly lower (38±5 MPa) for the wires made of composite with 10% Al2O
Environmental evaluation of Łódź basing on breeding avifauna composition
The evaluation was conducted using the bird species richness and occurrence of the
key species. The key species were:
1. Species endangered globally according to IU CN/BirdLife International criteria,
2. Species of European Conservation Concern (C ategory 1-3),
3. Species from Annex I of Council Directive on the Convention of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC)
4. Species from Polish Red Animal Book,
5. Species which frequency of occurrence in Poland is < 10% according to Atlas of Breeding
Birds in Poland data,
6 . Species which number of Polish breeding population is less than 1000 pairs.
The key species breed in all kinds of habitats in Łódź. The most valuable habitats are weakly
urbanized areas of river valleys and forest habitats with old tree-stands. Among the habitats the
most endangered by changes are: river valleys and farmland areas.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Current knowledge of the Łódź Upland avifauna
The authors evaluated the state of the knowledge of the Łódź Upland (about
18 000 km 2) avifauna. The total of 278 bird species was recorded by authors in the study
area since the last century. After 1945, the total of 267 species were recorded, including 180
breeding species. According to the authors’ estimates about 11% of the area was investigated
more preciously. The best investigated regions are: the Bzura river valley, 219 species were
recorded including 165 breeding ones, the Pilica river valley, where the respective values are
211 and 158, region of the Jeziorsko Reservoir - 247 observed species and 152 breeding ones,
the vicinities of the locality of Rogów with 118 breeding species and the Łódź city area with
125 breeding species. The Łódź Upland has been the place o f breeding for some rare birds
in Poland: Cormorant, Purple Heron, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Hen Harrier, Montague’s Harrier,
Curlew, Ruff, Herring Gull, White-winged Tern, Whiskered Tern, Crane, Stonechat, Collared
Flycatcher, Aquatic Warbler, Bearded Tit.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Automated measurement of foot deformities : flatfoot, high arch, calcaneal fracture
Radiographic measurements of foot deformities are used to determine, among other things, such conditions as flatfoot, high arch, or calcaneal fracture. Those measurements are achieved by estimating four angles. Manual assessment of those angles is time-consuming not to mention inevitable errors of such approximation. To the best of the authors knowledge, currently there is no research focusing on finding those four angles. In this paper an algorithm for automatic assessment of those angles, based on extremely randomized trees, is being proposed. Moreover this diagnostic assisting system was intended to be as generic as possible and could be applied, to some degree, to other similar problems. To demonstrate usefulness of this method, correlations of automated measurements with manual ones against correlations of manual measurements with manual ones are being compared. The significance level for manual-manual measurements comparison is less than 0.001 in case of all four angles. The significance level for automated-manual measurements comparison is also less than 0.001 in all cases. The results show that the search for the aforementioned angles can be automated. Even with the use of a generic algorithm a high degree of precision can be achieved, allowing for a more efficient diagnosis
Międzynarodowa konferencja „Konstytucje państw europejskich – historia i współczesność”
Międzynarodowa konferencja „Konstytucje państw europejskich – historia i współczesność
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