APPLICATION OF THE BRG.LIFEMOD FOR SIMULATIONS OF STEP-MOVEMENTS AND KICKS AND ESTIMATION OF JOINT STRESS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a multi body system (BRG.LifeMod) in regard to the application for several simple movements: step-up, kicking movements, step movements. Results of other authors maintain the simulation results. The presented models help to estimate the stress in joints of the lower extremitie

Hyperfine interactions in nanostructured iron oxide composites

The field assisted sintering offers the unique possibility to consolidate materials while maintaining nanostructures. This method can be used to tailor grain sizes in sintered permanent bulk magnets. Since the physical properties of the bulk material changes, these changes have to be originated by variations of the electronic structure. In the case of iron rich magnetic materials, Moessbauer spectroscopy is an ideal tool to detect such variations. It is demonstrated that for nanostructured iron oxide bulk materials, the hyperfine interactions change due to the small size of grains below 80 nm

ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC RESEARCHES OF GYAKU-ZUKIIN KARATE KUMITE

The purpose of this study is the presentation of electromyographic analyses of GyakuZuki. Dependent on the degree of the karteka different levels of intermuscular coordination could be observed. On the basis of the adaptive AA model spectral parameters of the EMG signals were determined. These different EMG parameters prove that during the pushing arm extension under equal conditions several frequency bands appear

CHANGES IN THE COORDINATION OF WALKING MOVEMENTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF CONSTANT AND VARIABLE SPEED

INTRODUCTION: A great number of scientific studies on the biomechanics of walking are available. In addition to the analysis of the time course of kinematic and dynamic quantities, increased efforts were made for the estimation of the muscle activities. It is common to use an average of the muscle activity patterns of several steps (Zwick (1993); Konrad/Tyry (1996)). This procedure presupposes constant external constraints, similar biomechanical curves and equal muscle activity patterns. Here arises the problem: How stable or variable is the movement coordination of single steps if a) the walking speed is constant and b) the walking speed is changed? METHODS: The investigations were carried out with three male sports students on a treadmill. As an example, the results of one subject (SR) will be represented in this presentation. Three walking speeds were selected which the subjects could realize as comfortable and below the point where running begins. The speeds for SR were 1.0 m/s (SR1), 2.0 m/s (SR2) and 2.2 m/s (SR3). The subjects walked for four minutes at each speed level. The breaks between the speed levels were used for relaxation. Muscle fatigue was thus minimized. By means of the SIMI-Motion movement analysis system and EMG-Telemetry system of Noraxon-Neurodata, two dimensional video analysis (50 s-1 and 200 s- 1) of the left side was carried out and the EMG signals of five muscles (m. biceps femoris, m. vastus medialis, m. rectus femoris, m. gastrocnemius, m. tibialis) were recorded synchronously. The cycles were divided in two phases (support and swing) on the basis of characteristics of the time courses of relative ankle velocity in relation to the hip. Due to high-speed video limitations, five cycles for SR1 and eight cycles for SR2 and SR3 could be analyzed. We applied the adaptive estimation of the momentary power of the EMG-signals for timedependent analysis of muscle activities (Grießbach, Schack et al., 1994)

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF FIST PUNCH GYAKU-ZUKI IN KARATE

The purpose of this study was to characterise the most used fist punch in karate, the so called Gyaku-Zuki. Having a look at current publications, most of them describe the Gyaku-Zuki in a verbal form or they concentrate on analyses about physical parameters. In order to understand and even improve the movement, it is necessary to describe the punch by using biomechanical parameters. Recording the performance of three different karatekas with a VICON system, this study only focuses on the basis-version of Gyaku- Zuki. After giving the movement a structure, first results can be presented e. g. the total time of movement and maximum velocity of fist. For performing a punch all three athletes require less than 400ms and reach a maximum of fist velocity of about 8m/s. So this study will help to understand the Gyaku-Zuki and will pave the way for further analyses

BIOMECHANICAL MEASURING STATIONS TO SOLVE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN KARATE SPORT

The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical details of the karate technique Gyaku-Zuki (reverse punch). For this a high speed camera was integrated in two different measuring stations. The results of six experienced in competition kumite athletes show new knowledge about the biomechanics in karate and the possibility of detecting of movement irregularities in order to avoid issues. Particularly the fist movement was quantified and the overstretchings in the elbow joint and in the wrist were observed. Furthermore it was confirmed that an athlete with a good intermuscular coordination the faster movements executed

ACCELERATION COURSE OF FIST PUSH OF GYAKU-ZUKI

The purpose of this study is the presentation of a biomechanical pilot study researching Gyaku-Zuki in karate. Particularly, the influence of the acceleration of the fist to the pushing time were analysed. On the basis of the results of five karateka having different levels of performance, the effect of the acceleration can be determined as an individual characteristic

Phytotherapeuthics Affecting the IL-1/IL-17/G-CSF Axis: A Complementary Treatment Option for Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS; also designated as acne inversa) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful skin lesions that occur in the axillary, inguinal, gluteal and perianal areas of the body. These lesions contain recurring deep-seated, inflamed nodules and pus-discharging abscesses and fistulas. Affecting about 1% of the population, this common disease has gained appropriate clinical attention in the last years. Associated with numerous comorbidities including metabolic syndrome, HS is considered a systemic disease that severely impairs the quality of life and shortens life expectancy. Therapeutic options for HS are limited, comprising long-term antibiotic treatment, the surgical removal of affected skin areas, and neutralization of TNF-alpha, the only approved systemic treatment. Novel treatment options are needed to close the therapeutic gap. HS pathogenesis is increasingly better understood. In fact, neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) seem to be decisive for the development of the purulent destructive skin inflammation in HS. Recent findings suggest a key role of the immune mediators IL-1 beta, IL-17A and G-CSF in the migration into and activation of neutrophils in the skin. Although phytomedical drugs display potent immunoregulatory properties and have been suggested as complementary therapy in several chronic disorders, their application in HS has not been considered so far. In this review, we describe the IL-1/IL-17/G-CSF axis and evaluate it as potential target for an integrated phytomedical treatment of HS

THE MOVEMENT COORDINATION OF RUNNING AFTER BIKE-RUN-TRANSITION IN TRIATHLON

The purpose of this study is to assess single kinematical parameters as well as the coordination of the running movement after prior cycling exercise. Ten male subjects (five triathletes and five sports students) completed a combined cyciing-running-exercise. A two-dimensional-analysis was carried out for the running movement on a treadmill. Single kinematical parameters showed no interindividual consistent changes. The results of the order parameter analysis revealed a decrease in the variability of the movement coordination immediately after the cycling exercise. The trialhletes are more capable of maintaining this movement variability during the running exercise than the sports students and moreover show a more individual running style